Furnaces: types of furnaces, design and operation features

For centuries, heating ovens have been used to heat the home, cook food and many other purposes. To date, there are many similar equipment, differing in the material of manufacture, purpose, design and some other characteristics. They can be used both for heating the room, and for cooking. In addition, you can meet and separate types of ovens, intended for saunas and baths.

What are the furnaces made from

As a material for manufacturing, either brick or metal is used. The metal stoves are assembled by welding the body of steel or cast iron. In most cases, such structures are located in bathhouses, cottages or in country houses of a small area. For the manufacture of a brick oven , a refractory material is used. One of the best is considered fireclay brick - it significantly increases the parameter of the thermal stability of the furnace.

Masonry is created using a special solution. An important requirement is its composition, since the use of substandard or improper mixtures can cause cracks, lumens and destruction of the entire structure. The composition of mortar for brick laying includes quartz sand and refractory clay. Ideal - if it includes chamotte powder.

Furnaces: types of kilns by purpose

The heat given out by these units is directed either to cooking or to heating the premises. According to this principle, regardless of the chimney and hull, there are different ovens. Types of furnaces are as follows:

• Heating.
• Cookers.
• Heating and cooking.

Heating-cooking unit - a kind of universal economy-stove, which combines two functions. Such a construction is most often found in traditionally Russian variants. In addition to the hob, it has a dryer, oven and water heater. Previously, it was equipped with a couch, located on the side of the adjacent room.

A metal oven for a dacha can also be a heating / cooking type. Made of modern materials, a burzhuyka with an improved design on its body has a flat surface of cast iron, on which it is possible to cook and reheat food. The cooker, in contrast, is a metal or brick plate with a furnace. In order to more efficiently distribute and use heat, a shield is attached to it in the form of a small wall, through which it is possible to warm up the room.

Design Features

All furnaces and types of furnaces are the same in their construction: they are based on a furnace in which fuel is burned, a small part of the heat and gas are discharged into the chimney. Only the hull and flue ducts are heated, from which the room is heated. Despite the similarity, there are different types of furnaces that have certain design features. This is explained by their improvements for the purpose of subsequent, more effective use.

Furnaces: types of furnaces by flue ducts

Depending on the location of the internal channels and the scheme of movement of the processed gases along them, all the units are divided into:

• Non-channel bell caps.
• Single-turn.
• Vertical and horizontal multi-turn.

The channels through which the gas travels can be built vertically, horizontally or completely absent, as can be seen from the names. Depending on the purpose of the unit (oven for cottages, for example), the type of channel is selected. In most cases horizontal venting is used, which increases the heat output. However, this design is not very different from other options.

Differences in fuel

Depending on the fuel used, the design of the fins is changed. For example, a wood oven for a house has a special firebox and its volume, in contrast to similar equipment for sawdust. In the first case, the dimensions of the puddus are somewhat larger, in the second case the size of the furnace itself is increased.

Another type of oven is a fireplace room. Their distinctive feature is the special device of the door, in which there is a special insert of refractory glass to observe the flame.

Types of chimneys

The smoke pipes differ in the material of manufacture and the method of installation. Depending on the installation location of the chimney, they are divided into:

• Indigenous - located on the side of the shell and lean on the foundation.
• Walls - installed inside the wall of the building, next to which the furnace is going to.
• Nasadnye - lean on top of the body.

Chimneys can be both brick and metal. The most destructible and deformable are the first, because the material of their manufacture is destroyed under the influence of acids formed during burning. The metal chimney has a long service life only if acid-resistant steel is used to create it. Often, such pipes are used for the purpose of shirring, creating combined structures.

Bath aggregates

Depending on the design and purpose, it is difficult to determine the type of furnace. Types of furnaces vary in certain characteristics, but it is worth mentioning sauna heaters. Use them in saunas or bathhouses. Such devices differ in the degree of heating of the stones and the volume of the steam produced. The design of this furnace includes a special container, which contains stones and which is installed above the furnace or adjacent to the body.

The material used for making the heater is steel, brick, cast iron. A metal oven for a house on wood or for a bath does not require a long installation. You can buy it in the store and mount it yourself, following the manufacturer's instructions. Unlike metal ovens, stone or brick require the work of a specialist, but they are advantageously different from the first.

Furnaces "Bresenaren" ("Boulieran")

The Canadian company Bullerjan is engaged in the production of heating units. For the first time their products appeared on the Russian market about fifteen years ago, and since that time the demand for the "Buleryan" furnaces has been increasing. Their price is very acceptable, which is one more advantage. Depending on the capacity of the furnace, its cost can vary from 9 to 50 thousand rubles. So, the oven "Brenenar" (under this name this product is produced since 2005) in 10 kW has a price of 25 thousand rubles.

Description of furnaces "Bresenaren"

These units are mainly used for heating workshops and living quarters and are convection constructions of long burning. The oven "Bresenaren", properly selected for its capacity, is able to heat the whole house completely due to its design, which allows to make wiring for all premises. There are models designed for water heating, as well as heating and cooking, designed for cooking food. Canadian stoves with a stove are of two types - 100 and 150 cubic meters.

Structural features

Despite the fact that this furnace uses wood as fuel, it is called gas-generator. The reason for this is the special design of the furnace from two separate chambers: combustion, in which wood burns, and secondary afterburning of the produced gases. High heat transfer and furnace efficiency are explained precisely by this. During the combustion of wood, gases enter this chamber, into which the injectors intended for oxygen supply are also injected and burned again. This minimizes heat loss.

At the outlet of the flue gases and the furnace door are located regulators, which allow the equipment to be transferred to the regime of long burning. In fact, the wood in such equipment is smoldering, and this process is sufficient to thoroughly warm up the air and water in the heating system.

Furnaces "Bugler": the cost, pros and cons

Benefits:

• Heated air can be distributed to rooms regardless of their location on the floors.
• Uniform heating of rooms.
• High efficiency of furnaces - about 70%.
• Minimal fuel consumption and economy, easy maintenance and installation.
• Long-term operation of the furnace on a single fuel - about 10-12 hours.

Disadvantages:

• Analogues of this type of furnace work only with the use of solid wood fuel.
• Regardless of the type of pipe - brick or metal - it must necessarily be insulated.
• Most of the generator gas leaves the chimney, and is not burned.
• Some parts of the furnace body are heated to 120 ° C, which leads to the burning of dust.
• The need for a large amount of space for accommodation. From the furnace body to the wall or any other objects should be at least one meter, because of what it is installed mainly in the middle of the room. To reduce this distance, metal sheets are placed on the walls.
• Due to the fact that the fuel does not burn completely, the ovens smoke very much, regardless of the weather on the street. Manufacturers advise to lead the chimney at least three meters above the roof.
• The economical operation of the furnace and its long life are achieved only if all the dampers are set correctly, which is very difficult to do.

The main problem with Canadian furnaces is the formation of a large amount of condensate in the pipe. Its composition includes water, tar and soot, it appears as a result of the fact that the outgoing gases have a low temperature, and the fuel burns out incompletely. The most noticeable is the condensate at the joints of the chimney, and when the oven is heated, it creates an unpleasant odor that remains in the rooms for a long time.

The cost of Canadian furnaces depends on the volume of the room, which they can warm up. Depending on this criterion, the price for the "Buleryan" furnace can vary from 9 to 34 thousand rubles.

Recommendations for the selection and operation of convection ovens

Before installing this type of heating unit, you must carefully choose the location of its location. The safest and best option is to install such an oven in a separate basement-type room that has good ventilation.

Recommendations of manufacturers can and should be ignored when laying fuel to improve decay and improve its efficiency. It is laid as follows: thin logs and chips are placed with the first layer with small intervals, large wood is placed on top, leaving a small amount of free space. The voids are filled with bark, newspapers, small branches. Then, the blower damper and the damper in the chimney are opened, after which the ignition is started.

Thermal protective screen, mounted on the walls, you can both buy it and do it yourself. Between the metal sheet and the surface there should be a clearance of about 50 mm. The heated air between the wall and the screen will move upward, heating the room.

Convection ovens exist with a blind and glazed door. The second type is much more expensive, it is unlikely to admire the beauty of the flame - too much radiation from the unit, and the door quickly smokes, which worsens the entire review.

Manufacturers of furnaces "Булерьян" assert, that their production is not ideal, as it would be desirable. This must be taken into account when selecting a heating unit, taking into account all the pros and cons and accurately calculating the location, power and efficiency and maintenance costs.