Forming and ascertaining experiment: description and features of the conduct

An experiment in psychology is the main method of scientific cognition. With its help, changes in the behavior of a person (or a group of individuals) in a situation of planned management of those factors that determine it are investigated. To achieve the goal, the researcher needs to create specific conditions for their appearance.

An essential feature of the experiment is a clear and rigid selection of a particular studied factor. A prerequisite is the registration of the appearing changes.

But in psychology, naturally, it is impossible to achieve absolute isolation. That is why the selection of the factor is carried out only by selection, and also by comparison and study of two groups of respondents, two situations and other.

Types of experiments

Several parameters can be distinguished on the basis of which different types of this psychological-pedagogical method are distinguished.

First, in the form of organization, a natural and laboratory experiment is distinguished. The second species is usually carried out under artificial conditions, which are designed to ensure the exceptional purity of the results obtained.

The natural experiment is, as a rule, carried out in conventional, standard conditions for the test environment. Its essential disadvantage is the mandatory presence of uncontrolled factors. But their influence can not be established, and also measured quantitatively.

Secondly, a formative and ascertaining experiment is singled out for purposes. Let's try to understand the basic nuances of their separation.

The ascertaining experiment is a psychological method that establishes the existence of a definite and obligatory phenomenon or fact. But to achieve this goal, it must meet certain requirements. For example, an experiment can become ascertainable only if the researcher is faced with the task of identifying the existing state, as well as the level of the formation of a certain property, or the studied factor. Therefore, the priority level for the study is the actual level in the development of the selected parameter in the respondent, or the group of subjects. This is what determines the purpose and tasks of this method. The ascertaining experiment has the following purpose: measuring the existing level of development, as well as obtaining the initial material for organizing further research that forms the experiment.

This method is also called training and transforming, which aims to actively form certain parameters in the mental development of a person, levels of activity, and so on. The forming experiment is usually used in studying certain ways of personality development. This is provided by means of a complex of sciences. So, for example, when raising a child, it will be necessary to synthesize psychological knowledge with pedagogical searches.

The purpose of the formative experiment is: training in knowledge and skills; Development of skills and certain qualities of personality.

But that he had a positive result, the experimenter and the method itself will be given specific requirements:

• It is necessary to develop theoretically the ideas about the psychological parameters singled out in the study, which, in fact, will be formed.
• The course and the program of the experiment must be clearly planned.
• In the process of work, it is necessary to take full account of the existing factors in real learning, which influence the formation of the studied phenomena in the psyche.

The scientist must be able to correctly choose, in accordance with the goals of the research, the method that he needs: ascertaining experiment, laboratory, forming, or natural.