Filter for gas mask: classification, purpose, marking, shelf life. The device of a gas mask

In many emergencies, gas masks are required, as they allow the purification of contaminated air. This function performs a filter. Since over time it can not clean air qualitatively, its replacement is required. Devices help in emergency situations.

Device

The filter for a gas mask has a qualitative metal or polymer-composite shell of a cylindrical type. The device includes an anti-aerosol filter and a charge (absorbent filler). The first base is a multicomponent material with a framework of cellulose fibers and a filtering component, which includes fibers of asbestos, fiberglass and synthetic fibers.

The design of the gas mask allows you to understand the principle of its operation. There are electrically charged materials for filters, designed to trap particles with the help of electrostatics. Purification of air from dust particles, which is larger than the dimensions of the filter cell, is carried out mechanically.

Activated carbon is used in devices with absorbent filler charge. It is needed to improve the filtering properties. The shatter is called the absorber layer, into which activated charcoal, additives enter. With their help, the deposition of components in it improves. Such additives include oxides and metal salts. Such a gas mask device allows to filter air more qualitatively.

Composition of gas mask

The protective device includes several important parts that protect human from contaminants. The required components include:

• Front rubber part: includes connecting tube and valve box;
• Valve box;
• Connecting tube;
• Filtering-absorbing box;
• A gas mask bag.

All parts of the gas mask are necessary, since air filtration is provided with them. If defects are visible to some detail, it is necessary to replace them.

Protection classes

By the type of "sieve", the anti-aerosol filter can have several protection classes:

• Detains large dust;
• Do not let the dust, smoke, fog;
• Protects against fine suspensions, fog, smoke, bacteria, viruses.

Which one to choose a filter for a gas mask depends on the type of emergency. In any case, the device will protect from the effects of contaminated air. There are means for specific purposes, for example, a filter of ammonia for a gas mask.

Marking

The filter boxes to the gas mask can be marked with the following:

• A (brown): protects against gasoline, kerosene, acetone, benzene, toluene.
• B (yellow): does not pass chlorine, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen sulphide, phosgene.
• G (yellow-black): protects against mercury and organic substances.
• KD (gray): does not pass ammonia, hydrogen sulphide.
• E (black): protects against the penetration of hydrides of arsenic, phosphorus.
• M (red): does not pass carbon monoxide with organic, ammonia, acid gases.
• CO (white): protects a person from carbon monoxide.
• BKF: protects against acid gases, organic vapors, aerosols, arsenic hydrides, phosphorus.

Boxes come in large, medium and small volumes, which determines the duration of protection from contaminated air. If they have anti-aerosol filters, the time from work decreases. It can be detected by the presence of a white vertical strip, and on small boxes - by the white color of the bottom. Boxes A, B, KD, G, E without anti-aerosol filters are designated with the number 3. Therefore, their marking can be represented in the form - A3B3Reactor2. In this case, the filter for the gas mask has a third class of protection type A. The guarantee of such parts can be within 3-5 years.

Legend of new devices

Classification of filters for gas masks of a new type can have other colors and letter marks. These rules are agreed with the EU. There are the following notations:

• A (brown): protects against organic gases, vapors above 65 degrees.
• In (gray): it protects against inorganic gases, except for carbon monoxide.
• CO (violet): serves as a shield against carbon monoxide.
• E (yellow): does not let acid gases pass, acid evaporation.
• K (green): a person is protected from ammonia and amine compounds.
• P (white): protects against bacteria, viruses.
• Hg (red): necessary to eliminate mercury vapors and volatile compounds.
• Ah (brown): allows you not to pass organic substances.
• Sx (purple): filters toxic toxins.
• Reaktor (orange): protects against radioactive isotopes of iodine.

A modern filter for a gas mask is necessary for the qualitative protection of a person from harmful substances in the air.

Tips for choosing

Protective equipment should not be located in a room where air contains less than 18% oxygen, and harmful impurities are in high concentration. The filter box should be chosen so that it fits the air.

If it is required to lead people through smoke, where carbon monoxide predominates , then a 2 class of white CO marking is required. For mixed contamination with organic vapors and acid gases, the BKF box should be chosen. With gas contamination, respirators with gas filters are used.

When is the replacement required?

Information about the time of action of the boxes will serve as a guide for the work of the filter for gas masks. The storage times can be different, it all depends on the model of the device. There are several methods of determining which allow you to determine whether filters should be replaced. This procedure is required when a mask is sensed by a toxic gas. The method is dangerous in that a high concentration of gases is clearly felt.

Filter replacement is required when changing the weight of the device. This option is suitable for boxes that capture CO. They function at a low level of air humidity, and at high humidity do not work. Due to the absorption and binding of moisture, the weight of the device becomes larger.

Replacement may be required after some time of use. The variant is suitable for G gas masks. If the device has been used for about 100 hours, the box must be replaced. Each gas mask can have its own storage time. It is important to observe them, since human security depends on this.

The installation of a new filter can be performed on a schedule. In this case, boxes need to be changed frequently, if there are many harmful components in the air. Procedures are also carried out after laboratory tests. Then the expiration date of the filter is established by experiment. Computer simulation of the filter operation period allows determining negative factors, including temperature and humidity. The replacement time is determined by the sensor elements. The timely installation of the filter allows you to use the device without damage to health.