Enzymes that break down fat in the human body

The digestive glands play a major role in the chemical transformation of the human food . Namely their secretion. This process is strictly coordinated. In the gastrointestinal tract, food is exposed to various digestive glands. Due to the entering of the enzymes of the pancreas into the small intestine, there is a correct assimilation of nutrients and a normal digestion process. In this whole scheme, enzymes essential for the breakdown of fat play an important role.

Reactions and splitting

Enzymes of the digestive have a narrowly directed problem of splitting complex substances that enter the gastrointestinal tract with food. These substances are split into simple, which the body can easily assimilate. In the mechanism of processing food products, enzymes, or enzymes that break down fat (enzymes), play a special role (there are three types). They are produced by the salivary glands and stomach, in which enzymes break a fairly large volume of organic substances. These substances include fats, proteins, carbohydrates. As a result of exposure to such enzymes, the body qualitatively assimilates the incoming food. Enzymes are needed for an accelerated reaction. Each type of enzyme is suitable for a specific reaction, acting on the appropriate type of connection.

Assimilation

For better absorption of fats in the body, gastric juice containing lipase works. This enzyme, which breaks down fat, produces the pancreas. Carbohydrates are broken down by amylase. After disintegration, they are quickly absorbed and enter the blood. Splitting is also promoted by amylase of saliva, maltase, lactase. Proteins are cleaved due to proteases, which are still involved in the normalization of the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract. This includes pepsin, chymosin, trypsin, erepsin and carboxypeptidase of the pancreas.

What is the name of the main enzyme that breaks down fat in the human body?

Lipase is an enzyme, the main task of which is dissolution, division into fractions and digestion of fats in the human digestive tract. Entering the intestines, fats do not have the ability to be absorbed into the blood. For absorption, they must be split to fatty acids and glycerin. In this process, lipase also helps. If there is a case when the enzyme that breaks down fat (lipase) is lowered, it is necessary to carefully examine a person for oncology.

Lipase pancreatic in the form of inactive proenzyme prolipase, is excreted in the duodenum. Activates prolipase under the influence of bile acids and colipase, another enzyme from pancreatic juice. Lipase lingual is produced in infants due to oral glands. It is involved in the digestion of breast milk.

Lipase liver is secreted into the blood, where it binds to the vascular walls of the liver. Most of the fats from food are split in the small intestine due to lipase from the pancreas.

Knowing which enzyme breaks down fats and what exactly the body can not cope with, doctors can prescribe the necessary treatment.

The chemical nature of almost all enzymes is protein. The pancreas is also the organ of the digestive and endocrine systems. The pancreas itself actively participates in the process of digestion, and the main gastric enzyme is pepsin.

How do pancreatic enzymes break down fat into simple substances?

Amylase cleaves starch to oligosaccharides. Further, the oligosaccharides decompose to glucose under the influence of other digestive enzymes. Glucose is absorbed into the blood. For the human body, it is a source of energy.

All human organs and tissues are constructed of proteins. Not an exception and the pancreas, which activates enzymes only after they hit the lumen of the small intestine. In violation of the normal functioning of this organ, pancreatitis occurs. This is a fairly common disease. The disease, in which there is no enzyme that breaks down fats, is called pancreatic insufficiency: exocrine or intrasecretory.

Problems of insufficiency

Exogenous secretion deficiency reduces the production of digestive enzymes. In this case, a person can not consume large amounts of food, since the function of triglyceride cleavage is impaired. In such patients after the intake of fatty foods, symptoms of nausea, severity, and abdominal pain occur.

With intrasecretory insufficiency, hormone insulin is not produced, which helps to absorb glucose. There is a serious illness called diabetes. Another name is sugar diabetes. This name is associated with an increase in urine output by the body, as a result of which it loses water and the person feels a constant thirst. Carbohydrates almost do not come from the blood into the cells and therefore are practically not used for the energy needs of the body. The glucose level in the blood increases sharply, and it begins to be excreted through the urine. As a result of such processes, the use of fats and proteins for energy purposes is greatly increased, and the products of incomplete oxidation accumulate in the body. Ultimately, the acidity in the blood also rises, which can even lead to a diabetic coma. In this case, the patient has a breathing disorder, including loss of consciousness and death.

In this example, we can clearly see how important enzymes are that break down fats in the human body, so that all organs work together.

Glucagon

If there are any problems, it is necessary to solve them, to help the body with the help of various methods of treatment and medical preparations.

Glucagon has the opposite effect of insulin effect. This hormone affects the cleavage of glycogen in the liver and the conversion of fats into carbohydrates, thereby leading to an increase in the concentration of glucose in the blood. A hormone somatostatin suppresses the secretion of glucagon.

Self-medication

In medicine, enzymes that break down fats in the human body can be obtained with the help of medicines. A lot of them - from the most famous brands to little-known and less expensive, but equally effective. The main thing is not to self-medicate. After all, only a doctor, using the necessary diagnostic methods, can choose the right drug to normalize the work of the gastrointestinal tract.

However, often we only help the body with enzymes. The hardest thing is to get it to work properly. Especially if the person is already elderly. It's only at first glance it seems that I bought the necessary pills - and the problem is solved. In fact, it's not like that at all. The human body is the most perfect mechanism, which nevertheless grows old and wears out. If a person wants him to serve him as long as possible, it is necessary to support him, diagnose and treat him in time.

Of course, after reading and knowing which enzyme breaks down fats in the process of digestion, you can go to the pharmacy and ask the pharmacist to recommend a medicine with the right composition. But this can be done only in exceptional cases, when for any compelling reasons it is not possible to visit the doctor or invite him to the house. It is necessary to understand that one can strongly make mistakes and the symptoms in different diseases can be similar. And in order to make the correct diagnosis, you need medical help. Self-medication can seriously harm.

Digestion in the stomach

Gastric juice contains pepsin, hydrochloric acid and lipase. Pepsin acts only in an acidic environment and splits proteins into peptides. Lipase in gastric juice splits fat only emulsified (milk). The fat-splitting enzyme becomes active only in the alkaline medium of the small intestine. It comes along with the composition of the food semi-liquid gruel, pushed out by the contracting smooth muscle of the stomach. It is pushed into the duodenum in separate portions. Some small part of substances is absorbed even in the stomach (sugar, dissolved salt, alcohol, pharmaceuticals). The very process of digestion basically ends in the small intestine.

Bilious, intestinal and pancreatic juices enter the advanced duodenal intestine . There is food from the stomach to the lower divisions at different rates. Oily is delayed, and dairy passes quickly.

Lipase

Pancreatic juice is an alkaline reaction fluid that is colorless and contains trypsin and other enzymes that break down peptides into amino acids. Amylase, lactase and maltase convert carbohydrates into glucose, fructose and lactose. Lipase is an enzyme that breaks fats into fatty acids and glycerin. The time of digestion and secretion of juice depends on the type and quality of the food.

The small intestine performs parietal and cavitary digestion. After mechanical and enzymatic treatment, the cleavage products are absorbed into the blood and lymph. It is a complex physiological process that is carried out by the villi of the small intestine and directed strictly in one direction, the villi from the intestine.

Suction

Amino acids, vitamins, glucose, mineral salts in the aqueous solution are absorbed into the capillary blood of the villi. Glycerin and fatty acids do not dissolve and are absorbed by villi can not. They pass into the epithelial cells, where the molecules of fats that enter the lymph are formed. Passing the barrier of lymph nodes, they get into the blood.

Bile plays a very important role in the absorption of fats. Fatty acids, when combined with bile and alkali, are saponified. Soaps are formed (soluble salts of fatty acids), easily passing through the walls of the villi. Glands in the large intestine preferentially secrete mucus. The large intestine absorbs water up to 4 liters per day. Here lives a very large number of bacteria involved in the breakdown of cellulose and the synthesis of vitamins of group B and K.