Earth explorers are ... Russian explorers of the 17th century

Earth explorers are researchers of Siberia and the Far East of the XVII century. Thanks to their activities, many major geographical discoveries were made. They belonged to different classes. Among them were Cossacks, merchants, hunters engaged in fur trade, and seafarers.

Meaning of the word

According to encyclopaedic dictionaries, explorers are participants in campaigns to the Far East and Siberia in the 16th-17th centuries. In addition, the so-called those who master poorly studied regions of these regions.

The beginning of the development of Siberia and the Far East

Pomors, who lived on the coast of the White Sea, had long traveled on small ships to the islands of the Arctic Ocean. For a long time they were the only travelers in the north of Russia. In the XVI century systematic development of the vast lands of Siberia began with the defeat of the Tatar troops of Khan Kuchum Yermak Timofeevich.

After the first Siberian cities, Tobolsk and Tyumen, were laid, the process of developing new spaces went with accelerated force. The rich Siberian land and expanses of the Far East attracted not only servicemen, but also merchants. Russian explorers actively studied new territories and advanced deep into unexplored lands.

Initially, the development of Siberia and the Far East was reduced to the construction of jails, and only at the beginning of the 17th century the Russian government began to resettle the peasants to these regions, since the garrisons standing along the major Siberian and Far Eastern rivers were in dire need of food.

Famous discoveries

Russian explorers opened the basins of such rivers as Lena, Amur and Yenisei, reached the coast of the Sea of Okhotsk. They passed all Siberia and the Far East and discovered the peninsulas of Taimyr, Yamal, Chukotka and Kamchatka. Russian explorers of the 17th century Dezhnev and Popov were the first to walk along the Bering Strait, Moskvitin opened the coast of the Sea of Okhotsk, Poyarkov and Khabarov explored the Amur Region.

Way to travel

Earth explorers are not only explorers traveling on land. Among them were navigators who studied river basins and the seaside. For swimming on rivers and seas, small vessels were used. These were the kochi, the rooks, the plows and the marshmallows. The latter were used for rafting along rivers. Storms often led to the destruction of ships, as happened with the expedition Dezhnev in the Arctic Ocean.

SI Dezhnev

The famous Russian explorer, 80 years before Bering, passed completely across the strait, dividing North America and Asia.

He first served as a Cossack in Tobolsk and Yeniseisk. He was engaged in collecting yasak (tribute) from local tribes and at the same time aspired to explore and explore new territories. To this end, with a large detachment of Cossacks on several cottages (small ships), he set off from the mouth of the Kolyma to the east along the Arctic Ocean. Expedition was awaited by severe tests. The ships got into a storm, and some of the ships sank. Dezhnev continued his campaign and swam to the ledge of Asia, the cape, which later received his name. Further the path of the expedition passed along the Bering Strait. The ship Dezhnev could not land on the shore because of the attacks of the local population. He was thrown out on a deserted island, on which Russian explorers of Siberia were forced to spend the night in holes dug in the snow. Having reached the Anadyr River with difficulty , they hoped to go along it to the people. At the end of the expedition, 12 people remained from the large detachment. They traveled all over Siberia to the Pacific coast, and this feat of Semyon Ivanovich Dezhnev and his associates was highly appreciated in the world.

I. Yu. Moskvitin

He opened the coast of the Sea of Okhotsk and the Sakhalin Bay. At the beginning of the service was listed as an ordinary foot Cossack. After a successful expedition to the Sea of Okhotsk he received the rank of ataman. Nothing is known about the last years of the life of the famous Russian explorer.

EP Khabarov

He continued Poyarkov's study of the Amur region. Khabarov was an entrepreneur, was engaged in buying up furs, built a salt varnitsa and a mill. Together with the detachment of the Cossacks, the whole Amur passed on the ships and compiled the first map of the Amur region. On the way, he conquered numerous local tribes. Turn back Khabarova compiled collected against the Russian travelers Manchu army.

I. I. Kamchatyi

He owns the honor of the discovery of Kamchatka. The peninsula is now the name of the discoverer. Kamchaty was enlisted in the Cossacks and sent to serve on the Kolyma River. He was engaged in fur trade and search for walrus bones. He was the first to open the river Kamchatka, having learned about it from local residents. Later, as part of a small detachment led by Chukichev, Kamchaty went in search of this river. Two years later came the news of the death of the expedition on the river Kamchatka.

Conclusion

The explorers are the great Russian discoverers of the Siberian lands and the Far East, who selflessly set out on long voyages to conquer new territories. Their names are forever preserved in the people's memory and the names of capes and peninsulas discovered by them.