DTP (vaccination). Komarovsky advises ... How to prepare a child for the vaccination of DTP?

Vaccinations exist since the time of Catherine. Thanks to them, thousands of victims were avoided. Undoubtedly, there is always a risk of side effects after vaccination, but each parent's task is to protect his child from serious diseases. Only a competent approach to vaccination and awareness will help to avoid terrible consequences. Next, consider what is the DTP vaccine. Komarovsky - a famous children's doctor, will help with his advice to prepare the child for vaccination and possible side manifestations.

Let's decipher the DPT

What do these letters mean?

- A - adsorbed vaccine.

- To - pertussis.

- D - diphtheria.

- With - tetanus.

The vaccine consists of weakened bacteria - the causative agents of the above diseases, sorbed on the basis of aluminum hydroxide and the merthiolate. Also there are vaccines, cell-free, more purified. They contain particles of microorganisms that stimulate the body to produce the right antibodies.

Let's note that Dr. Komarovsky says: "The DTP vaccine is the most complicated and can be hard to tolerate by a child. Complicating its portability is the pertussis contained in it. "

One vaccine will protect against diphtheria, whooping cough and tetanus. These diseases can lead to a sad outcome, and how dangerous they are, we will consider further.

Dangerous diseases

The DTP vaccine will protect against pertussis, diphtheria and tetanus. What are the risks of these diseases?

Pertussis is a disease caused by an acute infection. There is a very strong cough, which can provoke a stop of breathing, convulsions. Complication is the development of pneumonia. The disease is very contagious and dangerous, especially for children under 2 years old.

Diphtheria is an infectious disease. Easily spreads by airborne droplets. There is a strong intoxication, with a dense coating on the tonsils. There may be a laryngeal edema, there is a big threat of disruption of the heart, kidneys and nervous system.

Tetanus is an acute and infectious disease. There is a defeat of the nervous system. Reduces the muscles on the face, limbs, back. There are difficulties with swallowing, it is difficult to open the jaws. Danger of breathing. In most cases, a lethal outcome. The infection is transmitted through injuries to the skin and mucous membranes.

When and to whom do DPT

Since the birth of the child set the schedule of vaccination. If you comply with all the terms of vaccinations, the effectiveness will be high, the child in this case is reliably protected. DTP vaccination, Komarovsky draws attention to this, should also be done in a timely manner. Since the baby is protected by the mother's antibodies only in the first 6 weeks from birth.

Vaccination can be domestic or imported.

However, all DTP vaccines, in spite of the manufacturer, are introduced in three stages. Since immunity weakens after the first vaccination, it is necessary to re-vaccinate. There is a rule for DTP vaccination:

1. The vaccine should be administered in three stages.
2. In this case, the interval between vaccinations should be at least 30-45 days.

If there are no contraindications to vaccination, the schedule looks like this:

• 1 inoculation - at 3 months.
• 2 inoculation - in 4-5 months.
• 3 inoculation - at 6 months.

In the future, the interval should be at least 30 days. According to the plan, the DTP vaccination is carried out in:

• 18 months.
• 6-7 years.
• 14 years.

Adults can be vaccinated once in 10 years. It is necessary to observe the interval between vaccinations, it should not be less than a month and a half.

Very often one vaccine contains antibodies against several diseases. It does not load the baby's body at all, as they are easily transferred. So, for example, if DTP and poliomyelitis are vaccinated, Komarovsky notes that they can be done simultaneously, since the latter has virtually no side effects.

The polio vaccine is oral, "live". After it, it is recommended not to contact unvaccinated children for two weeks.

How long protection works

After the DTP vaccine is made (Komarovsky explains this), immunity begins to produce antibodies to measles, diphtheria and tetanus. So, it is established that after the vaccination in a month the level of antibodies in the body will be 0.1 IU / ml. How long the protection will work depends largely on the characteristics of the vaccine. As a rule, the immune defense is designed for 5 years. Therefore, the interval of planned vaccinations is 5-6 years. In the more mature age, it is enough to do DPT once every 10 years.

If the DPT vaccine is done, then diphtheria, tetanus or measles is very unlikely. It is believed that the person in this case is protected from these viruses.

In order not to harm the body, it must be remembered that there are a number of contraindications.

Who should not do DPT

DTP is one of the vaccines that is hard to tolerate in childhood. And if before there were no reactions to vaccinations, then it can cause side effects. In order not to cause undesirable inoculation of DPT consequences, Komarovsky advises to pay attention to the reasons why vaccination should be canceled.

The reasons may be temporary, such as:

• Colds.
• Infectious diseases.
• Elevated body temperature.
• Exacerbation of chronic diseases.

In such cases it is necessary to cure the child, and only two weeks after complete recovery it is possible to do DTP.

The DTP vaccine can not be done if there are the following diseases:

• Deviations in the work of the nervous system, which progress.
• Previous vaccinations were very difficult to tolerate.
• The child had cramps in the anamnesis.
• Previously made vaccinations caused febrile convulsions.
• Immunodeficiency.
• Special sensitivity to the components of the vaccine or their intolerance.

If your child has any disease, or you are afraid of causing undesirable DPT vaccination, you should consult a doctor. You may be prescribed a vaccine that does not contain pertussis toxoid, because they can cause side reactions.

Vaccination may also be postponed if the child:

• Diathesis.
• Little weight.
• Premature baby.
• Encephalopathy.

In these conditions, vaccination is possible, but preparation for DTP vaccination, Komarovsky, is particularly noted, should consist in stabilizing the state of health. It is best to use for these children an acellular vaccine, with a high degree of purification.

Possible conditions after vaccination

What are possible after the DTP vaccination is done, the consequences? Komarovsky gives different opinions. And all the side effects can be divided into light, medium and heavy.

As a rule, the reaction to the vaccine appears after 3 doses. Perhaps, because it is from this moment begins to form the immune defense. The child should be observed, especially in the first hours after vaccination and for the next three days. If the baby falls ill on the fourth day after the vaccination, then it can not be the cause of the disease.

The occurrence of adverse reactions after vaccination is a very common phenomenon. At every third they can appear. Light reactions that take place within 2-3 days:

• Perhaps, the temperature will be raised after the DPT vaccination. Komarovsky recommends to shoot down it at the very beginning, do not wait for the increase to 38 degrees. It is necessary to bring down only "Paracetamol" or "Ibuprofen". Such a reaction can occur after 2 -3 hours after inoculation.
• Often after an injection the behavior changes in the child. He becomes whimsical, whiny. This condition can last for several hours. Perhaps the baby is concerned about the pain syndrome after the injection. The reverse reaction is also allowed. The child's activity will decrease, even slight retardation may appear. Lack of appetite, drowsiness is also possible.
• The place where the injection was made may turn red, a small swelling may appear. This is also an acceptable reaction, but the edema should not exceed 5 cm, and the reddening is not more than 8 cm. The site of injection can be painful, therefore it is necessary to protect it from unnecessary touches and movements.
• It is possible that vomiting may occur.

Severe and severe adverse events

It is impossible to exclude and manifestations of more serious side effects. They are much less common:

• Body temperature can rise to 39-40 degrees.
• There may be febrile seizures.
• The injection site will significantly redden, exceed 8 centimeters and will appear swelling more than 5 centimeters.
• There will be diarrhea and vomiting.

If such reactions to vaccination have occurred, it is urgent to show the child to the doctor.

In very rare cases, manifestations of more severe adverse reactions are possible:

• Anaphylactic shock.
• Swelling of the Quincke.
• Hives, rashes.
• Convulsions with normal body temperature.

DTP is an inoculation (Komarovsky notes this specifically), which causes such side effects in one case per million.

Such a reaction may appear in the first 30 minutes after the injection. Therefore, the doctor recommends not to leave immediately after the vaccination, but stay near the medical facility during this time. Then you should show the child again to the doctor. All this is done in order to have the opportunity to provide the necessary assistance to the baby.

Your actions after vaccination

In order for a child to easily transfer the vaccine, it is necessary not only to prepare for it, but also to behave correctly after it. Namely, observe certain rules:

• The child should not bathe in the bathroom and do not wet the injection site.
• Dr. Komarovsky recommends walks, but you do not have to walk in public places.
• Spend these 3 days in a home environment without visitors, especially if the baby is feverish or capricious.
• The air in the room must be moist and fresh.
• Do not introduce a new product into the diet for a week before and after the vaccination. If the baby is breastfed, mom should not try new products.
• Especially attentive should be the parents of children with allergies. Consult a doctor about what antihistamines should be given before and after the vaccination.

How to behave when there are side reactions

The appearance of light adverse reactions is still possible. Since the DTP vaccine is considered to be the most severe for the body, especially if previously the vaccinations in the child had negative reactions. What to do if there are side effects after the DTP vaccine is done:

• Temperature. Komarovsky recommends that it be constantly monitored. It is not necessary to wait for 38, it is necessary to give a febrifuge as soon as it begins to rise.
• If there is swelling or redness at the injection site, it is necessary to show the child to the doctor. Perhaps this drug was not in the muscle, and in the subcutaneous fat, because of this, there may be swelling and densification. In any case, a doctor's consultation is necessary to alleviate the condition of the child and to exclude possible complications. If this is just a minor redness, it will come off within 7 days and you do not need to do anything.

In order to avoid any side effects, one should take seriously the preparation of the child for vaccination. About this further.

How to prepare a child for DTP vaccination

Komarovsky gives a few simple and necessary advice:

• Show the child to a pediatrician who must examine and correctly assess his condition. In other words, to confirm that the child is healthy.
• If your child is allergic, an antihistamine should be given 3 days before the vaccination. Before this, you should consult your doctor about the drug and its dosage.
• It is best to visit a neurologist and take tests of urine and blood. Especially if before that the child suffered some kind of disease.
• Do not overfeed your child on the day of vaccination.
• If there is a suspicion that a child can get sick, and also if someone in the family is sick, it is worthwhile to postpone the inoculation.
• The vaccine should be of high quality and correctly introduced.

Should I do DTP?

Currently, it is possible to observe refusals from vaccination. Remember: the disease is facing much greater problems than those that occur after the DTP vaccination has been carried out, the consequences. Komarovsky, according to him, heard different about vaccination, but always pluses more for than against. After all, having had a diphtheria or tetanus, there is no immunity to these diseases. Medicine does not stand still, and vaccines become more purified and safe. It is worth pondering over this. Do not risk the health and life of the child. A qualitative vaccine, an attentive doctor, can reduce the risks of side effects. Health to you and your children.