Dislocations - this is what? What does the deployment of military units, ships, wagons, road signs or justices of the peace mean?

The term "dislocation" is used in various spheres of activity. It can be found in science, military science, jurisprudence. For example, when distributing magistrates, they are told of their deployment. This concept was derived from Latin words, and in translation means "dislocation," "move," "move," "post," "put."

Chemistry

Consider the concept of the example of crystals. These structures may have some defects. They are similar to lines, and the atomic particles themselves are placed incorrectly. This change is called a dislocation in crystals. They become structurally sensitive, some of their properties change. Dislocations are violations both outside and inside. The crystal itself loses its mechanical properties, it becomes less durable and elastic.

Classification

Dislocation is edge and screw. If the crystal is ideal, then throughout its entire length the atomic planes are placed in parallel. But when they are torn inside the structure itself, this leads to an edge dislocation. This means that an extra half-plane is formed. It is called the axis of deformation. If you use a microscope, you can observe this picture in detail and see how specific the atomic rows are. If the crystal itself is cut into four parts on the plane, then the lowest layer is shifted relative to the upper one by 1 interatomic distance in the perpendicular direction, and then all the atoms are again attached at the edges opposite to each other, this picture will ideally illustrate the edge dislocation. The second incision is the direction of the shift, which is called the Burgers vector. Through it and the very line of the defect, the slip plane of this dislocation will pass. Thus, this extra plane was formed. The crystal itself has lost its appearance and looks completely different than it should. Dislocations are in some way tension. They occur inside the structure. Before the shift itself, all parts of the crystal are strained, strongly elastic. But then this condition weakens. Changes in the source begin with this, which leads to dislocation. Vectors of shear, which are in tension due to polarized light, can both be attracted and repelled. If these vectors are the same, a shift is observed in the crystal, namely, the structure is stretched in one direction and slides into the other. At the moment of approaching the dislocation, this offset is compensated.

Moving

The crystal can be deformed, but it does not just happen. At that moment, dislocations move just inside. This phenomenon is more commonly known as slip. When this process occurs, the crystal is deformed to a distance equal to the second notch. But in this case deformations are not noted between all the atoms, but only between those at the axis. And this means that no external interference is required. Everything happens with relatively small voltages, especially when compared to processes in ideal crystals that change without dislocation. This can be seen in the case of threadlike structures.

Common Properties

Both dislocations can slide perpendicular to the surface, which leads to creep. This phenomenon is due to the fact that there is diffusion of atoms, but when the temperature decreases, so does mutual penetration. If there is a strong load, then all atoms seem to oppose this and creep into the position they need. In this case, slip does not occur. And the ongoing processes are aimed at reducing the voltage. The deformation itself is directly proportional to the velocity of the dislocation. And in general, if changes without a shift are possible, then only when diffusion is carried out.

Mobility

Many factors interfere with free sliding. These include, in particular, the strength of atomic compounds, the poor conductivity of electrons, for example in metals, elasticity, interaction with other dislocations, etc. In other words, the fewer these obstacles, the faster the shift becomes. And as soon as the voltage increases, so does the sliding. In general, mathematicians have argued that dislocations are topological defects. They are stably formed in crystals. And if two shifts occur, they will kill each other, disappear. A single dislocation will disappear unless it goes beyond the boundaries of the structure. Next, consider other areas of application of this concept.

Armed forces

At first glance, an incomprehensible combination of words, but in fact everything is quite simple. The deployment of troops is only the alignment of the armed forces, military personnel, units, ships, naval bases. It can occur both in the territory of the country to which they belong, and beyond its borders. The place of deployment is the area where troops are deployed before an important battle. The command staff at the same time clarifies where to whom to send, where to move to carry out military operations. Any changes in the placement require a strict permit. Only companies, battalions and batteries can be moved at will of regiments, commanders in which they are, and the division chief can dispose of the battalion, but it is forbidden to leave a certain region. There are special dislocation maps. They include conventional signs of the deployment of forces.

Ships

But the maps, which indicate the deployment of ships, carry an information function. In other words, they can not be used to determine the correct course in sea-going. A special identification system is used for mapping. On the drawn up diagram, it shows where and where the movement of the ships takes place.

Railway transport

On the territory of Ukraine, Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, the Baltic States and the CIS countries, regular dislocation of cars is carried out. And once or twice a day, information on the placement of the trains is made. These processes occur directly on schedule. You can track movement and distribution manually. There are also automatic methods. They assume special options. One of them is called "Request to the station."

Road Sign Dislocation Scheme

The entire placement system should include several factors. Thus, it is mandatory to have a road map for cars, curves of curves and longitudinal slopes. In addition, there should be road markings, layout of signs and restrictions, navigation and position of traffic lights, transitions (both ground and underground). Mandatory marking of light, public transport stops. There are many applications through which you can determine the dislocation of road signs at a particular location. They resemble a map or navigation.

Other cases

In nature, there is even a dislocation of the brain. This phenomenon occurs when certain structures are shifted relative to others. This process leads to different diseases, in particular, to a disruption in circulation, etc. Since the brain does not completely fill the skull, it can move, under certain factors, thereby deforming. Subsequently, in the absence of timely treatment, the body ceases to function properly.

Conclusion

So, a dislocation is a multi-faceted concept. It is used in many spheres. It can refer to crystals, to traffic, to military equipment and even to the brain. In each sphere the term acquires an additional meaning, a narrower meaning in accordance with the region under consideration.