Introductory construction: examples. Proposals with introductory constructions

The necessary unit of language is the introductory construction. First you need to understand what it is.

Introductory construction. Examples of input units

The person creating the text may include in the sentence a word or a combination of words whose purpose is to evaluate or characterize the message.

• An example of a sentence with an estimating construction: But then, unhappily, I was overwhelmed by irresistible shyness.

• An example of a sentence with a characteristic construction: All, probably, were in some confusion.

In the first sentence, the content is judged negatively by the introductory word "unfortunately". In the second sentence, the message is characterized as possible by the introductory word "likely".

When we know what an introductory construction is, we need to learn the next point. They are separated by commas.

What is the opening structure

Introductory are called units of language, which are a word, a form of a word or a phrase. They have features that distinguish them from other components of the proposal.

• They do not expand the content of the message.
• Such words express the speaker's attitude to the information reported.
• They are not connected with the members of the sentence, the main and secondary, syntactic links.
• They will not change their grammatical form when the words in the sentence change.
• They can be missed without any detriment to the meaning of the proposal.
• Due to their autonomy, the opening units can be freely placed at the beginning, middle or end of the sentence.

Example:

Perhaps I'll go.

I think I'll go.

I'll go, perhaps.

Input units can refer to the whole sentence and to one word. In the latter case, the introductory unit stands next to this word.

Example:

To feel elder or, more precisely, the main thing became his need.

To feel older or more important, more precisely, became his need.

So, we have considered introductory words and sentences with examples. The main thing that is important to understand is that they are autonomous, that's why they are allocated with commas.

Introductory units that do not have homonymous membership members

Few of the input units function only as input components in sentences.

A list of introductory words and word forms that do not have homonymous sentence members:

• Presumably;
• In fact, properly speaking;
• perhaps;
• We put;
• of course;
• Firstly Secondly Thirdly;
• Consequently;
• that is;
• A sinful affair;
• The hour is uneven;
• What good;
• at least;
• at least.

Such introductory constructions, it's as incentives to action - you need to put commas. In this case, there are no other options.

Introductory units that have homonymous sentences - predicates

Most introductory units are correlated with the words of other parts of speech, which are in sentences by sentence members.

Words that can be either input units or predicates:

The introductory construction, the examples of which we considered in the table, differs from the predicate, in that it is not related to the subject.

Introductory constructions having homonymous sentences - additions

A significant group of introductory constructions - case forms of nouns with prepositions:

• Fortunately;
• To joy;
• Unfortunately;
• To chagrin;
• to the surprise;
• To regret;

• To despair;
• To vexation;
• To shame;
• for example;
• by the way;
• according to legend;
• According to rumors;
• In conscience;
• frankly;
• To pleasure.

What is the introductory construction, and that the addition to the preposition, can only be determined by comparing sentences. One can put the question of the oblique case to the complement, and it is impossible to put to the introductory units of such a question. The introductory structure can be skipped, and the addition is impossible.

Introductory constructions with the "how"

Introductory units can start with the word "how", and it is necessary to be able to distinguish them from comparative turns and complex sentences with an "as" union. Comparative "as + sushch" turns can be transformed into a noun in the instrumental case. In any comparative turnover, the "how" union can be replaced by the words "like", "like", as if ". In the SPP proposals, there is usually a demonstrative word "so" in the main sentence, which will not allow to omit the "how". And such an introductory construction, examples of which are given below, can be deprived of the word "how" and the meaning of the sentence from this will not be affected.

• as seen;
• as is known;
• as usual;
• as it should be;
• As they write;
• as the saying goes;
• As they said;
• As it seemed;
• As often happens;
• As you understand;
• As it was planned;
• as expected;
• As science says;
• As practice has shown;
• As indicated from above.

Proposals with comparative turnover:

• The eyes in the mouse are like beads. - The eyes of the mouse with beads.
• The horse rose like a bite. - The horse rose, as if bitten.

Introductory constructions with significance of reliability

A speaker can express in his sentence his conviction in what he is saying, or, conversely, in expressing doubt about the truth of the facts presented.

It is necessary to distinguish in which sentence the introductory construction, examples and other samples of which have been considered in sufficient quantity above, and in which homonymous input units the members of the sentence. Let's give some examples of the latter:

• Textbook, notebook, pen - all this should be in your bag.
• On this section of the road there may be a traffic police post.
• It was so obvious that no one began to object.
• Dad can go to the meeting instead of mom.
• He spoke all this surprisingly naturally.
• The lake was visible from the window of my room.

Introductory constructions with the meaning of the emotional evaluation of the said

The speaker, who expresses a positive or negative attitude about his message, uses an introductory design, examples of which are:

• To chagrin;
• To regret;
• On trouble;
• As for trouble;
• Which is even worse;
• That is insulting;
• strange affair;
• An amazing business;
• What is striking;
• What good;
• God forbid;
• Alas.

Introductory constructions - calls to the interlocutor

In order to pay attention to the facts reported, the speaker uses introductory constructions:

• Listen;
• Agree;
• Believe;
• Understand;
• Notice;
• note;
• judge for yourself;
• Imagine;
• imagine this;
• You can imagine;
• What can you say here;
• excuse me;
• sorry;
• Think for yourself;
• As you understand;
• You know;
• You see;
• You hear;
• Alright;
• You believe.

Introductory constructions - a way of registration of a thought

The speaker, when composing his thoughts, uses introductory constructions:

• in a word;
• at all;
• in other words;
• shortly speaking;
• roughly speaking;
• Frankly speaking;
• You can say;
• Say without embellishment;
• Easier to say;
• to put it mildly;
• Rather say;
• to be precise;
• as the saying goes;
• We will say so;
• in other words;
• If I may say so.

Introductory constructions - the source of the utterance

The author in his speech can refer to a third-party source of information with the help of introductory constructions:

• By information;
• At the behest;
• As everyone says;
• According to rumors;
• by my calculations;
• Told;
• According to witnesses;
• to my mind;
• In your opinion;
• As studies have shown;
• As the results of the study;
• As the weather forecasters say.

Introductory constructions indicating a sequence of reasoning

The author of the text can logically construct his message using introductory constructions:

• Vice versa;
• On the contrary;
• but;
• one side;
• on the other hand;
• Consequently;
• Means;
• so;
• in this way;
• At first;
• Secondly;
• third;
• finally;
• eventually;
• Further;
• mainly;
• first of all;
• especially;
• by the way;
• By the way;
• Besides;
• eg;
• in particular.

Sometimes introductory constructions are used, as a means of creating a comic. For example, if you use the outdated form of the introductory combination of words: I, among other things, graduated from three classes of the gymnasium.

Introductory speech units and plug-in structures

Constructions, which are called plug-in, differ from the introductory syntactic units in content, purpose, and selection marks. Plug-in designs usually contain various additional information to the main content. They serve to clarify the various circumstances relevant to the fragment of speech, but they are not basic in their purpose. Most often, plug-in structures are allocated by brackets, sometimes dashes, if they are not distributed - by commas.

Compare the introductory and plug-in constructions, examples of which are given below.

Introductory syntactic units are not the result of the creativity of the author, they exist in the language in the finished form. Plug-in structures, as a rule, are unique.