Discography in younger schoolchildren: correction, exercises, prevention, causes

Primary school students often suffer from speech therapy - dysgraphy. It is characterized by some types of violation of the letter: children write as they say, miss letters, change endings. In fact, this is a very serious problem. If you do not pay attention to its solution, the child may develop an inferiority complex. Peers in the school will mock him, which will lead to a loss of confidence in their abilities. Therefore, the discography of younger students (correction, exercise and prevention will be presented below) should be an important topic for discussion among parents.

Causes of appearance

Scientists have not yet revealed the exact reasons why this disease occurs. This issue has not been fully understood yet, but most experts agree that the basis for the development of the disease is heredity. The reasons for the discography of younger students:

1. Heredity. As already noted, this is the main reason for the appearance of the disease. Children take from their parents immaturity of the brain in certain departments. Because of this, there is a delay in the development of some functions.
2. Functional sources. Here we mean various bodily diseases. For this reason, there is a violation of psycho-speech development, and also the child loses the ability to read and write. Correction of dysgraphy, dyslexia in younger schoolchildren should be directed primarily at eliminating the causes of the onset of the disease.
3. Underdevelopment of the brain. Any injury or damage can cause discography. And the brain damage could happen as a result of pathologies during pregnancy, asphyxia or infection.
4. Socio-psychological influence. Of course, we must not forget about this factor. This disease in children can develop due to the wrong speech of surrounding people, lack of communication, as well as inattention to writing and reading the child from the parents.

Types of dysgraphy in primary school children

The isolation of the forms of the disease will help parents correctly apply the exercises recommended to speech therapists. It is necessary to know that there are three main types of this ailment:

1. Acoustic. This form of dysgraphia appears as a result of a violation of the development of speech hearing. That is, the child is not capable of correctly perceiving sounds. Because of this, the letter suffers, the children unconsciously change the letters in words, because they hear so. Similar sounds are mixed and often confused, for example, b-n, zh, s-sh and others. Acoustic dysgraphy influences the softness of consonants in a letter ( likes - lubit ). Also the child often misses letters. Correction of acoustic dysgraphy in younger schoolchildren is carried out with the help of exercises aimed at improving auditory space.
2. Motor. This problem manifests itself in the form of incorrect movements of the hand during the writing. In this case, the child can perform other actions. Violation of the combination of visual and sound images is usually the cause of the occurrence of the motor form of the disease. Correction of dysgraphy in younger schoolchildren of this type is aimed at complete recovery from this ailment. As a result, the child will be able to correctly write and match images.
3. Optic. Disgraphy of this type is manifested in the violation of visual functions. Children can not correctly derive letters, which is expressed in the mirror writing, replacing or mixing different elements. In most cases, similar characters are rearranged ( m-n ). The manifestation of this disease is a mirror letter from left to right in left-handers with certain disorders of the brain. Optical discography in younger schoolchildren (correction, exercises covered in the article) is an important problem in the modern world. Visual impairment is not uncommon. Therefore, it is necessary to pay special attention to this issue. Types of dysgraphy in younger schoolchildren allow to specify the treatment in a certain situation.

How can one disclose discography?

If parents suspect the possibility of developing this disease, it is necessary to have a checkup with a neurologist or oculist. The level of speech growth verifies the speech therapist. The main thing is to correctly determine whether a child has a dysgraphia or simply a banal ignorance of spelling norms.

The examination of children for the presence of dysgraphy includes:

• Verification of oral speech. Particular attention should be paid to this aspect, especially the pronunciation of sounds, the vocabulary, the correctness of the construction of proposals.
• Evaluation of written speech. After the first stage, you need to check the letter. For this, the child is offered to perform certain tasks. Most often this is the rewriting of the text, the conduct of a dictation and reading by letters and syllables. The results of these exercises determine the degree of development of written speech.
• Research of hearing and vision of the child. And also observation of the state of manual and speech motor skills.

Prevention of dysgraphy in younger schoolchildren is very important. Tasks for identifying this disease can be different. The most commonly used method is the determination of phonemic abilities. Such exercises allow the child to demonstrate their skills:

• To distinguish a particular sound in words;
• Select images whose name begins with the same sound;
• Repeat several syllables in a row for the teacher;
• Hear wrong pronunciation and point out mistakes.

If the child is very small and does not go to school yet, he can also develop dysgraphy. Check this can be according to the drawings of the baby. Children who like to draw and often do it, are practically not exposed to this disease. If the child does not like to do this, and all of his pictures consist of intermittent or quivering lines, there is a high probability of developing dysgraphia.

Ways to correct the ailment

Discography in younger schoolchildren (correction, exercises and treatment will help to cope with the problem) is urgent. As soon as the problem is revealed, immediately it is necessary to start classes. In case of development of the disease with the child, you should practice speech therapist and psychologist.

The program for correction of dysgraphy in younger schoolchildren is determined depending on the form of the disease. Parents should take this problem seriously and follow the recommendations of specialists. An excellent option is to transfer the child to a speech therapy school, but not in every city it exists. Most often, parents need to deal with children themselves.

Correction of dysgraphy in junior schoolchildren is carried out in the following ways:

• Conducting classes to improve memory;
• Increase in vocabulary;
• Memorization of spelling norms;
• Written assignments of a different nature;
• Rehabilitation in the form of massage, taking sedatives if necessary.

Stages of therapy

Elimination of discography in junior schoolchildren is carried out in four steps:

1. Diagnostics. Here it is often necessary to carry out various dictations to check the existing level of grammar. The results obtained should be analyzed and first conclusions drawn.
2. Preparation. Here they pay attention to the development of memory, thinking, and also minor motor skills. It is very important to identify an understanding of spatial relationships.
3. Correction. From this stage, the treatment of existing abnormalities begins. All work is aimed at three aspects: grammatical, lexical and phonetic. The goal is to correct the violations, normalize the process of writing and reading.
4. Evaluation. The final step, where all results are checked, the parents are given the latest recommendations.

Effective methods for correcting dysgraphy

Here the most effective ways of correcting the disease will be considered in more detail:

1. The word model. This exercise is as follows: the child is given a picture on which the object and the word scheme are drawn. The student's task is to name the subject, and then to pronounce all the sounds of the word in order. Then each sound is correlated with the letter and write the whole word.
2. The way of Ebbigauz. A schoolboy receives a sheet with words in which letters are omitted. He needs to insert the missing letters and rewrite the whole word completely.
3. Analysis of sounds and letters. The child is given a picture with a picture of a certain object. He needs to name this thing and write a word. Then put the stress, divide by syllables and pronounce them out loud. Each sound must be separated and highlighted with the appropriate color. Then you need to compare their number with the number of letters.
4. Correction of errors. Here, each receives a few words with deliberately mistakes. The task of the student is to fix this and rewrite the words in the correct version.

The most common logopedic disease is dysgraphy in younger schoolchildren. Correction, the exercises that contribute to its treatment, are offered to your attention below.

The task "We write aloud"

Probably, this is one of the most effective exercises. It can not be replaced by anything, the essence is in speaking out loud written with the mandatory allocation of weak shares. This should be done slowly, clearly pronouncing each letter. For example: koro gives a lot.

The exercise is aimed at increasing the level of literacy. Weak lobes are sounds that are not given attention in cursory speech, and they are pronounced incorrectly. An important point is the pronunciation of the word to the end, the selection of the endings. Children suffering from dysgraphy can very rarely write the word completely. Often in the end they put the wands, which can be taken as letters. However, the number of these lines does not correspond to the number of letters that must be in this word.

With the help of this task, the acoustic discography is corrected for younger schoolchildren. Exercises aimed at treating the disease are quite diverse. But the fundamental is "We write aloud." It is necessary to accustom the child to pronouncing each written word, and then the result will not take long to wait.

Exercise "Corrector"

To implement this task you will need a boring text or a complex book. The point is that the child was not interested in reading. The only requirement is for large letters to distinguish what is written. First, you need to choose a light letter (usually a vowel), which the child knows and does not make mistakes in writing it, for example "a". The student's task will be to find the mention of this letter and cross out it.

Then you should move on to a more complex stage. You can increase the number of letters, it is desirable to choose similar in writing, for example "l" and "m". To understand what exactly causes difficulties for the child is very simple. It is necessary to carry out the dictation, in the process of writing which the student will make a certain mistake. Based on these errors, it is possible to identify weaknesses in grammar.

Correction of optical dysgraphy in younger schoolchildren is carried out with the help of this exercise. It is very effective, because you need to strain not only the brain, but also the eyes. It should be emphasized that the text should not be of any interest to the child. He needs not to read, but to find the appearance of a letter.

Exercise "Find and Explain"

To perform this task, you will need several dictations written by the child. He must explain each comma put in a sentence. If he does not have enough knowledge, you need to tell the student the rules. Even better, if the teacher will push the student to the correct answer, so he guessed and could formulate his decision.

In carrying out the exercise, it is important to remember that you can not overload the child. From each dictation it is recommended to disassemble five or six sentences. The correct answer must be voiced several times. For example, a comma between the noun "sun" and the pronoun "we" divides parts of the compound sentence. It should be noted that after each dictation, it is necessary to work on the errors.

Within the framework of this assignment, correction of acoustic discography in younger schoolchildren is carried out. Exercises "Find and explain" and "Write aloud" are the most effective for solving this problem.

Jobs "Labyrinth" and "Find the missing letter"

These two exercises are quite popular, and most parents use them in developing the abilities of the child. They are also useful for correcting dysgraphy.

"Labyrinth" perfectly develops the great motor skills of children. Currently, there are a huge number of different collections, where you can find great puzzles. Labyrinths can be painted by parents themselves. The main task of the child is to trace the finger or the handle from the beginning of the intricate moves to the end. The organization of prevention and correction of dysgraphy in younger schoolchildren can be based on this exercise. It is the most simple and universal.

Exercise "Find the missing letter" is aimed at developing children's attentiveness. To do this, you need the source text, where everything is in its place. Then, in the same material, you need to remove the letters, leaving a gap in their place. The student's task is to fill in the missing elements. Do not remove the source text, because the child needs to be based on something.

When searching for a material, one must take into account the fact that he must interest the student. In this case, the task will turn into a game. Recently, the development of dysgraphy among younger schoolchildren has been increasing. Correction, exercise and prevention of this ailment is simply necessary to protect the child from unpleasant consequences.

Correction of handwriting

The fact is that for a child with dysgraphy, writing causes a certain complexity. Typically, these children write either very small, or extremely large. The sweeping of the handwriting is not a negative phenomenon, it is not worth while to criticize the child.

In order to teach the student to write correctly, it will take about three weeks. To begin with, you need to purchase a notebook in a cage and ask to reproduce the text on paper. The letter should not go beyond the cell - the main rule. We need to monitor this and support the child in every possible way.

You can not overload children, a few correctly written lines a day - an excellent result. Even if the parents are tired of dealing with the child, it is strictly forbidden to show it, let alone raise the tone. As a writing aid, it is recommended to use handles with a ribbed surface, as well as pencils in the form of a triangle.

At home, you can play with the child, giving the pen and ink. Then he will try to write correctly, so as not to spoil the game.

Recommendations of professional speech therapists

Many experts in this field singled out the following provisions:

• Methods for correcting dysgraphia are quite diverse, but equally effective. Parents should deal with children, because the future of the child depends on this.
• Completing tasks requires perseverance and patience. In addition, the exercises should be conducted regularly, at least an hour a day.
• If a specialist has set a large amount of information for processing, then the text must be divided into several parts. So it will be easier for the child and the adult. You can not allow fatigue, as this will lead to whims and reduced efficiency.
• The most common mistake is rewriting homework several times. Parents should not force children to do this, because it will not lead to anything good. Conversely, the child will tolerate a large number of errors, which will lead to unwillingness to engage.
• Support is very important, even in the most insignificant situation. The child coped with the task? We should praise him, but in moderation. In this matter, delicacy will be required, one can not overdo it here. For failures, in any case, do not humiliate the child. Especially it is forbidden to invent insulting nicknames. This negatively affects the child's psyche.

Prevention

Prevention of dysgraphy in younger schoolchildren can be expressed in violation of auditory recognition of speech sounds. From the age of 3 it is necessary to constantly check this point. If a child of this age has problems, they can be easily solved with the help of regular exercises.

Recently, the teaching of children to a foreign language (most often English) has been very popular since 3-4 years. Children at this age perfectly remember new information and easily perceive it. However, with the wrong approach to learning, a child may develop dysgraphia or dyslexia.

You should also pay attention to the correct pronunciation of words by adults. If parents repeat children, this can lead to certain problems. If the child does not speak correctly, he should be taught at once how to do it. Then it will be better remembered, and speech will develop faster.