Designing for Construction

The task for the development of the project of the building under construction is issued by the customer, and the composition of this assignment depends on the type of the planned facility, and it must contain the definitions of the area and location where the construction is planned, the required parameters of the structure, how and from where the electricity, water, fuel, Raw materials and much more.

Drawing on the considerable experience in the construction and design of engineering structures, it can be convincingly shown that the design should be carried out consistently, rather than strive for the earliest possible achievement of the final solution. That is why the design should be carried out on the stages that received the name - the design stage. Elements of the project are consistently refined and deepened at each stage.
As the basic for today two-stage system of development of the project. The first stage is allocated, basically, to drawing up of the technical project, and the second stage is allocated for working designing in which process already working drawings for construction are made. Although only recently, the design was carried out in three stages: task for the project, technical design, working project. But the deep study of natural conditions, the experience that has been accumulated by design and survey organizations and organizations, and, importantly, the widespread introduction of a standard design have made it possible to shift to a shorter cycle of work without sacrificing quality.
A typical project is a project for repeated use in the construction of structures that can be classified as single-type. The basis for a typical design is the unification of the elements of the structure and its scheme.
The advantages of building a structure using standard projects is as follows:

• Reduction of the cost of terms and construction works,
• Reduction in comparison with the individual design of the volume and timing of design work ,
• The emergence of the possibility of serial production of structural elements of the building, plant construction.

At present, typical design dominates as the main form of design. It is prevalent especially in social housing, rural, cultural, domestic and transport construction, where the share of standard design is up to eighty percent of all projects.
The components of the standard project are a set of working drawings, estimates and an explanatory note containing, among other things, data that are provided by engineering geological surveys, survey results of the facility.
An important action is the linking of the project in accordance with the data obtained after the geological engineering survey was carried out - making the necessary adjustments in the drawings that are related to the characteristics of the terrain, local soils, groundwater, etc., which implements the use of a typical project In the concrete conditions of the construction of the structure.
Designing in two stages contributes to the reduction of design and estimate materials, reduction of the time for drawing up, reviewing and approving them.
Along with designing in two stages, one-stage engineering design can be applied. Such design can be carried out for simple objects, which are supposed to be built according to standard or economically-individual projects, which are used repeatedly. In this case, questions about the choice of location and the main technical parameters of the structure are solved simultaneously.