Classification of information

Modern science has more than eighty different definitions of the concept of "information". Classification of information contains many types and types of knowledge, but it is with its help that it is very easy to understand any science or field of activity. No scientist was able to derive a definition of information that would fully reflect its essence and significance for modern society.

This is the fundamental basis of knowledge, which, in combination with energy and matter, "supports" the whole world. In order to understand why the classification and coding of information were created , it is necessary to find and assimilate at least one definition of this category.

Most often information is defined as certain information about a particular object, subject, facts, phenomena or processes that occur in the world around us.

The first classification of information divides it according to the specific type of knowledge that is acquired. Declarative knowledge is a well-known fact that is accessible to everyone. For example, such knowledge is considered the following information: "Kiev is the capital of Ukraine", "The moon is a companion of our planet Earth" and so on. Thus, declarative knowledge can contain the following types of information: about objects, events, properties of objects, about mathematical and other dependencies. Procedural knowledge - describe the sequence of actions to perform a specific task, that is, give instructions. Such information often provides an opportunity to find answers to various questions, for example, "How to weld porridge?" Or "How to sew a skirt?".

The second classification divides all information by the ways it is perceived, because most of the new facts and phenomena we know through the senses. Modern scientists have calculated that more than 80% of information a person receives with the help of vision, 10% - hearing, 4% - smell, 3% - taste, 2% - touch. But we should not forget that every person represents an individuality, which means that artists will have a much better developed visual channel, and musicians will work more effectively on hearing channel perception.

Classification of information security tools also uses sorting by the way data is presented. Proceeding from this, the following groups are distinguished: text, numerical, graphic, video and audio information.

The fourth classification of information divides the object of research depending on its social significance. Thus, the information can be public, special and personal. In turn, the public is divided into ordinary, socio-political, popular science, news, aesthetic. Special information also has its own subtypes: production, management, technical and scientific. Personal information can be defined as knowledge, intuition, skills or skills.

Like any other category, information can be characterized in terms of its main properties:

1. Completeness (sufficiency). Is the data enough to understand the situation and make a definite decision.

2. Objectivity. Information should not depend on anyone's opinion, judgment or the influence of other external factors. For example, the judgment "this flower is called chamomile" - objective, and "this flower is very beautiful" - subjective, because it reflects the person's attitude to the subject.

3. Understandability. The received data should be clear to the person for whom they are intended. After all, if you send a contract to your Russian partner in Chinese for signing, he will not be able to understand the essence and the document will be useless for him.

4. Reliability. Information must necessarily reflect the true state of affairs in order to help in making a decision.

5. Relevance. The data must correspond to the present state of affairs and be of value to their recipient.

6. Usefulness. Information is useful if you can use it to achieve certain goals.

Classification of information, its correct further use can help to achieve success in any endeavor, because the most important thing is to be able to use what you have.