Cellar in the country with their own hands step by step (instruction with photo)

The cellar is a room that is simply necessary in a summer residence, especially if you have to store here many products and even inventory. How to build a cellar in the country with their own hands step by step? First, you need to understand what the cellar and the basement differ, then think over the plans for the future room and choose the materials. After solving these issues, you can already start building.

Cellar or cellar?

As a rule, a cellar is a room located under the first floor. That is, it is below the ground level, has the dimensions of the area of the house, so it is possible to arrange the economic blocks. The basement can include a store room, boiler room, laundry room and even a swimming pool, if you think about the thermal insulation system.

Having decided to build a cellar in the country with your own hands step by step, remember that you can store only food in it - from harvest harvested in autumn to canned food. This room has a large number of convenient shelves and shelves, is equipped with a ventilation system, has a planned thermal insulation, which provides an optimal mode of storage of products. The cellar can be located both in the basement of the house, and next to it, in a separate territory.

Features of erection

Simply enough to build a cellar in the country with their own hands - step by step in this help thoughtful blueprints. Most often for the construction of a noticeable elevation on the site. This is required in order to avoid the impact of groundwater on the contents of the cellar. If you find such a point, you can proceed with the design of the project, where the dimensions and depth of the room will be indicated, and estimates will also be calculated. When a cellar is built on the dacha with their own hands, the drawings play an important role - they will help to do the work correctly.

What do experts say?

There are several rules that need to be followed when building a cellar:

1. The construction should be done in the summer.
2. Construction should be conducted with the use of high-quality materials.
3. Walls and anti-scale structures should be erected correctly.
4. Without quality ventilation in this structure is indispensable.
5. It is necessary to build exclusively on the hill - this applies to those who do not know how to make a cellar at the dacha with their own hands, if the groundwater is close.

Waterproofing - close attention!

In the construction of the cellar, its waterproofing plays an important role, which, with quality installation, will increase the service life of the room. Materials for waterproofing should be chosen depending on the level at which groundwater is located. If they are lower, then a non-pressure waterproofing is required, if higher - anti-pressure. To erect a cellar in the country with their own hands step by step and without problems, you must carefully consider the choice of materials.

Since the main pressure will be on the walls, it is necessary to erect them from concrete with high waterproof properties. If the construction will be made of bricks, then it will have to be treated with special compounds, then a high-quality cement screed is to be made on both sides, and at the end of the work, walls should be cut using protective materials, for example, roofing material.

Algorithm of construction: digging a foundation pit

How to make a cellar in the country with their own hands step by step? First, we need to dig a foundation pit, and this is done clearly in accordance with the plan or the finished project. On each side of the cellar should remain about one and a half meters - they are necessary for the convenience of construction work. And it is best to dig by hand - this will preserve the integrity of the soil layer.

With loose ground on the site, you should dig a pit with a small slope - this will reduce the amount of crumbling sand. With a high level of groundwater, the pit is wider and deeper by about 50 cm, and this space is necessarily filled with waterproofing material. At the base of the cellar you need to lay a pillow of rubble and broken bricks, and then pour them with bitumen: this will provide a reliable protection against moisture.

Stage two: erecting the walls

Quality materials - the main requirement, if you decide to build a cellar in the country with their own hands. The photo shows that for the erection it is possible to use any materials - from bricks to concrete slabs. Experts advise to proceed from the following rules:

• The most reliable walls for the cellar are made of bricks, foam blocks or concrete slabs;
• The floor is equipped with cementitious screed with the addition of reinforcement, and sand and gravel are used for the "pillow";
• The floors are made of prefabricated concrete slabs or formwork boards, as well as of reinforcement, which is needed to strengthen the structure;
• External waterproofing can be made of roofing material, which is fixed with mastic.

Follow the instructions

Here's how the cellar in the dacha is built with your own hands (step-by-step instruction):

1. The cellar must be dry, therefore, before pouring the floor with concrete, you should think about its high-quality waterproofing. The bottom of the foundation pit is filled with a pillow of sand and gravel and carefully compacted. Above is filled up with gravel and also rammed. Throughout the perimeter of the foundation pit it would be good to make a formwork where to pour concrete and level it. After the concrete has solidified, we remove the formwork. The sides of the cellar can be coated with tar - it will protect the walls from moisture. By the way, if the groundwater is deep, then the floor can also be left earthen.
2. Now we perform the erection of the walls. With the use of brick masonry can be carried out as a cement mortar, and a mixture of clay and sand. An important role in the construction of walls is the arrangement of waterproofing, if it will be used as a layer between the earthen walls and masonry.
3. Between the wall and the backfilling you can lay a ruberoid in one layer - it will become a reliable protection against moisture.
4. After a couple of rows of masonry, you need to leave a niche in the wall for the ventilation pipe: it will go up. From above, it should be covered with a grill to prevent rodents from entering.
5. The walls are erected to the very top of the excavated excavation, and their horizontal and vertical position should be leveled.

Create overlays

Installation of floors is one of the key moments when a cellar is being erected at the dacha with their own hands. The photo of this stage of work shows that the floors can be mounted in different ways. The easiest way is to lay concrete slabs on top of the cellar, which will be supported on the ground along the entire perimeter. That is why many prefer a simpler version - the use of combined overlap, which easily fit and processed. With this option, the following works are performed:

1. First, on the walls and the soil itself, the roofing material is carefully laid, on which the bars are placed on top. They are needed as beams for floors.
2. The wooden flooring is beaten on the girder blocks, in which you need not forget to leave the hatch.
3. Over the deck lay waterproofing material, while he must go to the ground.
4. On top of the material (most often a polyethylene film) we lay the reinforcing bar, the space is filled with concrete, which is leveled.

What about the roof?

The roof is another important point, which should be paid attention, deciding how to make a cellar in the country house with their hands step by step. The instruction will help to perform the work as high as possible. Most often, the cellar is covered with a gable roof, which is installed above the hatch. At the same time, the roof should extend to the entire perimeter of the cellar in order to protect all materials from external influences. The front part of the roof should be covered with boards, and the skates should be equipped first with a roofing material, and then with any roofing material.

Cellar from concrete rings: features of erection

Concrete rings are strong and reliable in operation reinforced concrete products, which are widely used in the construction of cellars. Since making a cellar in the country with your own hands made of concrete rings is not a simple task, you should do it correctly:

1. First a pit is excavated. It must be deep enough that all the structural elements fit into it without problems. To ensure that the rings were laid firmly, it is necessary to add fragments of bricks to the ground.
2. The bottom, as in the case of a conventional cellar, is first settled with a mixture of sand and gravel, and then covered with concrete.
3. The rings are set to the right place. For this purpose, most likely, it is necessary to take advantage of special equipment because of heavy weight of designs.
4. The roof is being built. The easiest way is to make it out of thick boards, and top it with a roofing felt. It is important to leave a hole that will provide ventilation.
5. If the cellar was erected from more than two rings, a waterproofing of the joints will be required. Internal insulation should be performed with the help of liquid glass or mastic, and the outer one - with ruberoid or again with mastic. After the materials are laid, the voids between the rings and the ground are filled with ordinary soil, or, even better - with a more reliable method of fixing, with a concrete mix.

Internal arrangement of the cellar

From the inside, the cellar can be designed in a way that the host wants. In the case of a version of concrete rings, the difficulty lies in the fact that the shelves must be of a semicircular shape. An important attribute of this room is the staircase. It is better to weld to the top of the storage, and you can make a removable one. As for the decoration of the cellar, everything depends on the features of the waterproofing. If it was executed qualitatively, the finishing can be carried out by any materials. For the ceiling on the bars, warming with the help of mineral plates, with which it is convenient to work, is well suited.

Many leave the walls of brick without finishing, but you can make them at least even with plaster. Specialists recommend that such a surface be treated with a liquid insulation that penetrates into the material, crystallizes there and provides resistance to moisture.

Or maybe a ready-made cellar?

You can also buy a ready-made structure, if you do not know how to make a cellar in the country house with your own hands. The photo of such a structure, located below, shows that it is small and can be installed anywhere in the site. A compact solution is a barrel-shaped cellar, which takes up little space and at the same time has roominess. The walls of such a barrel are hermetic, durable and reliable, besides they are waterproofed, which eliminates the risk of corrosion and other adverse effects. The installation is simple: the pit is digging under the dimensions, where the base is carefully processed, a barrel is placed on it.

Whatever cellar was erected by you, you should watch for it: keep it clean, air and dry. In addition, it is impossible to store in it flammable substances that violate the fire safety of the house. It's quite easy to mount it with your own hands, the main thing is to think over the drawings and select the materials correctly.