Biological significance of mitosis

The biological significance of mitosis is very high. It is difficult to imagine even the unimagined, what role the process of simple division of cells in the organism plays in the vital activity. The ability of cells to share is their most important function, the fundamental one. Without this, it is impossible to continue life on Earth, increase the populations of unicellular organisms, it is impossible to develop and continue the existence of a large multicellular organism, it is also impossible to reproduce sexually and develop a new life from a fertilized egg.

The biological significance of mitosis would be much less if the division of cells was not the essence of most of the biological processes taking place on our planet. This process occurs in several stages. Each of them includes several actions inside the cell. The result of this is the mandatory multiplication of the genetic basis of one cell in two by duplicating the DNA, so that the mother cell subsequently gives life to two children.

All life cells can be concluded in the period from the formation of the daughter to its subsequent division in two. This period is called "cell cycle" in biology.

The very first phase of mitosis is actually the preparation for cell division. The period in which cells endowed with nuclei perform direct preparation for division is called interphase. In it, the most important thing happens, namely, the doubling of the DNA chain and other structures, as well as the synthesis of a large amount of protein. Thus, the chromosomes of the cell become doubled, and each half of such a double chromosome is called "chromatid."

After the interphase, the very process of division begins - mitosis. He also goes on several steps. As a result, all doubled parts are stretched symmetrically across the cell, so that after the formation of the central partition in each new cell, the same amount of formed components remains.

The phases of mitosis and meiosis are similar, but in the latter (with the division of sex cells) there are two divisions, and as a result not two but four "daughter" cells are obtained. Also, before the second division there is no doubling of the chromosomes, so their set in the daughter cells remains half.

1. Prophase. In this phase the centrioles of the cell are very clearly visible. They are present only in the cage of animals and humans. Plants do not have centrioles.
2. Prometaphase. At this point, the prophase ends and the metaphase begins.
3. Metaphase. At this point, the chromosomes lie on the "equator" of the cell.
4. Anaphase. Chromosomes move to different poles.
5. The telophase. One "mother" cell is divided by forming a central septum into two "daughter" cells. This completes cell division or mitosis.

The most important biological meaning of mitosis is an absolutely identical division of doubled chromosomes into 2 identical parts and placing them in two cells - "daughters". Different types of cells and cells of different organisms have a varying time of fission duration - mitosis, but on average it takes about one and a half hours. There are so many factors affecting this very fragile process. Any changing environmental conditions, for example, ambient temperature, light-phase mode, pressure in the environment and inside the body and cells, as well as many other factors, can significantly affect the duration and quality of the process of cell division. Also, the duration of all mitosis and its individual stages can directly depend on the type of tissue in the cells of which it flows.

The biological significance of mitosis with each new discovery in the field of cytology becomes more valuable, because without this process life on the planet is impossible.