Anuria - what is it? Anuria Syndrome: Species, Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

If you do not promptly seek medical help for kidney disease or do not get treated properly, the disease can become chronic and lead to serious disorders in the body.

A pathological condition characterized by the complete cessation of urine entering the bladder or reducing its daily volume is called anuria. What is it and what are the causes of this condition?

What is anuria. Causes

Depending on the cause of the disease, its development may be acute or gradual. At the beginning of the disease a person can feel satisfactory, thanks to the compensatory function of other organs that take part in supporting homeostasis. In the event that the pathology provoked a septic condition, the disease rapidly passes into the acute phase. In each case, individual treatment is selected.

Excretory anuria is a condition that provokes mechanical obstructions, such as ureteral stones, tumor diseases, infiltration, etc.

Prerenal anuria develops if a person has severe cardiovascular disease, occlusion of the renal artery or vein, a tumor in the retroperitoneal space that squeezes the vessels, or the patient is in a state of shock. Such conditions are the cause of impaired renal circulation.

Renal anuria, mainly caused by inflammatory processes in the kidneys, which lead to the termination of fluid filtration by the kidneys.

The development of the disease leads to the presence of chronic glomerulo- and pyelonephritis, nephroangiosclerosis, acute glomerulonephritis, interstitial nephritis, polycystosis, vasculitis. In addition, renal anuria can develop due to sepsis, kidney damage in burns, with serious injuries and after surgery, septic abortion and childbirth, as well as during transfusion of an incompatible blood group, poisoning.

Posturalnuyu anuria provoke blockages and spasms of the urinary tract, which prevents the outflow of urine from the kidney.

The cause may be the presence of stones in the ureters, ureteral damage that has arisen during the treatment, tumors that squeeze the ureters, scars, inflammatory infiltrates.

Arenal anuria, what is it and what can be caused? Develops a condition after removal of the kidney or in aplasia (congenital pathology). Occurs when the outer opening of the urethra is fused, the congenital valves of the urethra, with spasm of the sphincter of the bladder.

Reflex anuria occurs when the central nervous system slows down to release urine when exposed to certain stimuli. The reasons may be surgical interventions, immersion of the patient in cold water, pain in kidney colic.

Symptoms

Signs of pathology develop as the disease progresses. At the beginning of the disease there is no urge to urinate, after 1-3 days there is a marked intoxication of the body, which is manifested by loss of appetite, thirst, dry mouth, nausea. The disease can be accompanied by vomiting, constipation or diarrhea. Then there are growing signs of CNS damage. The patient is tormented by headaches and muscle pains, drowsiness, apathy, a person may be in a state of excessive arousal or be too lethargic, rave. Further, pulmonary and cardiovascular insufficiency, peripheral edema can develop.

Without the intervention of a doctor, the appearance of renal coma and uremia is possible. The critical period for anuria is the eighth-ninth day.

Diagnostics

A patient with such symptoms is shown to consult a urologist or nephrologist who will prescribe the necessary examinations.

In order to establish an accurate diagnosis, it is necessary to conduct a clinical and biochemical blood test, ultrasound examination of the kidneys and bladder. The catheterization of the bladder is also performed to exclude the symptom of acute urinary retention. After all the studies performed, anuria can be diagnosed. What is it and what threatens, the attending physician will tell, who will choose the optimal treatment.

What to do

In the presence of such symptoms, which are quite dangerous for human health, you need to immediately seek help from a nephrologist and urologist. Do not take risks and try to cope with the problem yourself. This is fraught with the occurrence of complications and carries a huge risk to the patient's health.

Treatment

Many are concerned about the diagnosis of anuria. What is it and how to treat such a condition - this issue worries the patient in the first place.

The treatment is handled by a specialized specialist, after a thorough examination and an accurate diagnosis. After carrying out the necessary studies, the doctor will choose the optimal method of treatment.

For the treatment to be effective, it is necessary to eliminate the causes of disturbance of urination. Be sure to conduct detoxification of the body, anti-shock measures, antibacterial therapy, etc.

Acute anuria, which occurs as a result of urolithiasis, may require urgent surgical intervention. The most important task is to resume the outflow of urine.

Traditional methods of treatment

After consulting with a doctor who will prescribe the main treatment, you can use as a supplement to folk treatment:

- Infusion of nettle with dioecious. In order to cook it, 50 g of grass is placed in a thermos bottle, pour 1 liter of boiling water and insist for two or three hours. Then cool, filter and use 1 tbsp. Three times a day.

- Infusion of birch branches and kidneys. One tablespoon of dried raw material is poured with boiling water (1 tbsp.). The agent should be insisted for an hour, then drain. A glass of infusion is immediately drunk.

- It is useful to regularly use tinctures of rose hips. For its preparation half a glass of rose hips are poured with medical alcohol or vodka, insist for several days, filter. The medicine is taken in five drops, dissolving them in a tablespoon of water twice a day.

- Mixture of vegetable juices. Mix freshly squeezed juices: carrot (ten parts), beetroot (three parts), cucumber (three parts). Drink a glass in the morning and in the evening.

Complications

All kinds of anuria lead to the development of violations in the work of the kidneys. There is an accumulation of metabolic products in the blood, instead of excretion in the urine. This can provoke the development of uremia.

In the case when drug and hardware treatment is ineffective, the development of uremic coma is possible. This is a very dangerous condition that can result in death, and even treatment does not guarantee that in the future the patient will not have severe neurological consequences.

Prevention

With the goal of prevention, it is recommended not to start and treat kidney and urinary tract infections in a timely manner. It is important to adhere to the drinking regime, to regularly undergo preventive examinations, since anuria syndrome is a condition that can threaten both the health and life of the patient.