Accounts in the bank: types and characteristics. How to open a bank account

To date, few people imagine their lives without plastic cards and deposits. All monetary transactions go through banking organizations for convenience and improve the quality of life. The main thing is to use accounts skillfully, and then the plastic card will become a powerful tool in your hands. There are many varieties of them, each of which, in fact, will be discussed in this article.

Instrument of modern man

First, you need to understand what the meaning of the bank account is in the phrase. First of all, it is a system that accumulates non-cash funds of enterprises and citizens, as well as finance in economic activities. In order to carry out money transactions, as a rule, customers open different kinds of accounts in the bank that have legal status. They are a source of financing and a variety of activities for each client. They open depending on the purposes of the citizen.

Classification

There are the following types of bank accounts:

1. Settlement accounts - are necessary for conducting commercial activities. With their help, funds are credited, settlements with contractors and suppliers, various transfers, transactions with credit, as well as payments and salaries to employees. Opening of settlement accounts in banks can be made both by the enterprise and an individual for the performance of monetary transactions that are directly related to their economic activities.

2. Transit. As a rule, they are used to calculate export earnings, which can be sold if the terms of the contract are fulfilled. This account can be called temporary. It is opened as a supplement to the currency.

3. Current. It is necessary for ordinary citizens or for commercial organizations. As a rule, it receives money, which can be withdrawn using an ATM or bank cash register.

4. Depository. It is concluded under the contract and is intended for storage of means.

5. Loan - are used for loans issued to customers with a return account.

6. Currency account in the bank. It is necessary for financial transactions when dealing with funds represented in foreign currency. With it, you can easily pay for goods and transfer funds for certain services.

7. Card. Serves for the transfer of funds using a bank card.

Types of accounts opened in the bank may be registered and numbered. This must also be taken into account. The first open, as a rule, according to the standard package. Work with them is impossible without presenting documents proving the identity. Numbered ones serve for maximum protection of documentation and money resources of each client. To open such an account, you must use a specific code, a digital code that hides all the information of the applicant. This code is known only to selected bank employees and the client of the bank. The scheme of registered and numbered accounts is widespread in Swiss banks and is the most reliable.

Special accounts in banks for a short period

If you need to open an account for an indefinite period, use a term deposit. As a rule, it is opened for a period of one month to two years. It is possible and longer. You can demand payment at any time, however you risk losing your accumulated profit. There is also an account at the demand bank, where you can put a certain amount of money on any day and withdraw it at the first necessity. When you open it, you should know that the interest is charged the most minimal. To date, you can open accounts in US dollars, Euros, as well as Russian rubles. With the help of multi-currency deposits, you can convert currencies one into another. It is very convenient for those who often travels or leaves on business trips abroad.

Foreign currency

Under the wording, foreign currency should be understood as money signs, which are recognized as legal tender, corresponding to foreign states. If the banknotes were withdrawn from circulation or restricted in circulation - they can not be called foreign currency. For the purposes of transfer and settlement of such funds, a currency account was created. In addition to it, there is a deposit, or deposit, designed to store free finance. Deposits are issued to the client of the bank on the basis of an official agreement. It states that the party that accepted the money received from the depositor or the investor is obliged to make a refund with the payment of interest at the rate stipulated in the contract.

Interest calculation

In addition, they distinguish still bank accounts on accrual of interest. There are several types. The first is the monthly one. Profit is added to the main deposit once a month. In the second case, interest is accrued to the depositor at the end of the term, adding to the full amount of the deposit. The third option that you can choose when making a deposit is quarterly. You will receive interest from the deposit every week, three months or even six months. It already depends on the bank or specific contribution you have chosen. It is always necessary to remember that by opening any bank account, you are obliged to pay a minimum contribution. Each financial institution is different and varies from a hundred rubles to several hundred thousand. But in most cases the amount does not exceed 10 thousand Russian rubles.

What is a settlement account for?

According to the current legislation, opening of settlement accounts in banks is not necessary, but it gives an excellent opportunity to carry out non-cash payments to some PIs. In other words, any money transactions made in this way give the right to establish one's own enterprise, while not binding the customers to anything. If you have your own account, you can fully carry out business activities. It can be opened in any banking institution, regardless of place of residence, registration or the territory where the enterprise is located. If the IP closes or opens a settlement account, it is necessary to notify the tax service about this, and within ten days, not later. Thus, the entrepreneur must make a written application on a special form sent to the tax inspectorate. If you are already a client of a financial institution, you must also notify the tax authority by specifying in which bank the settlement account was opened prior to registration as an IP.

When concluding a contract (during the creation of a bank account), you need to know that the institution of the bank is obliged to accept and credit the money coming into the purse at your disposal. At the same time, financial organizations have the right to manage the money that is on your current account. Let's talk about this in more detail.

Regulatory framework, or What to pay special attention to

First, let's consider the obligations of the bank when concluding the contract:

1. Uninterrupted payment of funds in a timely manner.
2. Payment of interest for the fact that the financial institution uses the client's funds. Compliance with the terms, which are stipulated by the contract, and payment at the end of each quarter;
3. Implementation of transactions with customers' accounts, as provided by law.

If you are planning to open an account with a bank (IP), pay attention to the fact that financial organizations have no right to disclose transactions conducted on it. They are responsible for the confidentiality of each customer. Information relating to any money transactions can only be received by the owner or his representative. If you have opened an account with a bank for an LLC, the bank can provide employees of state law enforcement agencies or other officials with the information that interests them. But! Only in those cases, which are provided by the current legislation.

Thus, by opening a settlement account in a financial institution, it is necessary to adhere to the regulatory framework, collect all necessary documentation, register with the tax office. If you are planning to open an account with a bank for an IP, this attempt is unlikely to succeed. As a result, the bank has the right to suspend access to the electronic wallet of a legal or physical person. It is best to contact professionals who know their business. They will select the appropriate financial organization for you and prepare all the necessary documents.

Special and universal bank accounts

You should know that due to universal accounts you can make absolutely any transactions with your funds. True, there are certain restrictions, established by regulatory legal acts and directly by the bank itself. The settlement account, which we have already mentioned, refers to the universal account. It is the main one and provides for compliance with certain regulatory requirements. To open it, the client must provide the following documents: a certificate of registration in the tax, state registration of a legal entity or registration of an individual as an individual entrepreneur.

It is necessary to take into account the fact that the number of settlement accounts that the client has the right to open is not limited by the current legislation. Organizations and institutions that have separate branches, stores and warehouses, can open sub-accounts for making transfers and receiving revenues at the place of their units. This is an important factor that must be taken into account. Accounts for the performance of work on the division of production belong to settlement accounts. They are used for operations of crediting financial assets, as well as for paying expenses related to tax payment, own agreement and so on.

Unlike universal, special accounts provide for the targeted use of existing financial resources. In addition, there must be a subject who will exercise control.

Accounts of legal entities in the bank

To create a bank account in a bank, a legal entity must provide the following securities:

• Constituent documentation;
• Sv-o of state registration;
• card;
• License (special permit), which is usually issued to a legal entity in accordance with the procedure established by law;
• Documents that can confirm the powers of the executive body;
• Official documents that confirm the powers of the persons indicated in the card. They are allowed to manage the funds that are on the account of a legal entity.

It should be noted that bank accounts, the types of which allow performing many operations, have several modes. The first is legal and is partially determined by law. The second one is special. As a rule, it is established either by an official agreement or by law.

A special legal regime is established for budgetary, currency, ruble (in banks of the Russian Federation), deposit and card accounts. Here the bank deals exclusively with raising funds for wallets not for their storage. The main goal is to use finance as a resource for issuing loans. When a bank enters into a transaction, it does not assume responsibility for any specific transactions that are in accordance with the constitutional commissions or instructions. The Bank assumes the responsibility of performing settlement transactions in the future, if there is any need for them. It should also be said that the bank has no legal right to refuse the client to enter into settlement transactions if they fully comply with the law and cover all monetary costs.

In order to open a settlement account in the bank for the LLC, it is necessary to fill out a lot of securities, notarially to certify copies of all the constituent documents. There are also companies that offer their services to save your time. An experienced attorney-consultant will introduce you to the case, recommend a good branch and transfer your data there. Even if you turn to a professional, you should pay attention to the following types of bank accounts and agreements:

• A framework agreement - consideration of settlement transactions that will be performed by you in the future;
• Services prescribed in the contract - accounting for the balance, which will constantly change in your electronic wallet;
• Independent view - remainder.

Basic moments

The bank is obliged to make all settlement transactions in accordance with the official agreement. The main element determines the legal purpose of bank accounts and non-cash settlements.

Operations can be carried out by both parties to the contract - the credit organization, as well as the client itself. In this case, the bank must have an appropriate license. The physical, state, legal (both Russian and foreign persons) who use the services can make settlement transactions. The personal account in the bank is formalized by means of a contract, which is a single document. However, its absence does not mean that the contractual relationship was not drawn up. When a client submits an application to open an account with a bank for an LLC, he makes an offer. Acceptance is made only after the signature of the manager.

Commitments of the bank

The bank has its obligations towards its customers. First, he must manage all the operations that are being performed. This means that the banking system is obliged to credit money and write off them. Secondly, the financial institution should promptly entrust the client with cash and settlement issues, without giving up cash operations that serve the interests of the client. Thirdly, the bank must pay each client for the balance of funds on his account. An important fact is that the accounts of organizations in banks are under the strictest protection. That is, the bank is required to keep a secret and not disclose the client's personal information to third parties regarding payments and financial resources that come to his personal account. Correct and timely execution of settlement operations consists in observance by the bank of all established legislative terms of sequence and bases of payment.

In addition, the bank must, within a certain period of time, make transfers that are addressed to the client, in accordance with the settlement document. The time limit for transferring funds to special accounts in banks should not exceed one day. This condition may not be fulfilled only if there are clauses in the contract about the terms provided by law.

For all types of accounts in the bank, as a rule, relevant contracts are drawn up, according to which both parties (the owner and the banking system) have certain obligations. One of them is the order of payments. In accordance with the law, when the payment due date is due, the sequence of writing-off the owners' funds according to the relevant documents should be observed.

There are two rules that determine the order of priority. First, the remainder allows you to completely cover all the requirements. In this case, the documents are paid in accordance with the calendar sequence of payments. The second rule is determined by the fact that in the event of a lack of funds all claims are automatically canceled. Then the owner is obliged to put a certain amount on the bank account. For the second version, the legislation provides for six separate groups of non-cash payments:

1. Write-off occurs on payment documents that provide payments to public funds and the budget. They, as a rule, are transferred for salaries to official working people.
2. Write-offs provided for by executive documents that represent budget payments, as well as off-budget funds. Such operations are performed in the third stage.
3. Write-offs, provided for by executive documents, that represent the issuance of financial assets from accounts in order to satisfy claims for compensation for harm that has been caused to life and health. This includes the clause on the recovery of alimony.
4. Write-offs for the issuance of finance for payments on severance payments, as well as payment to employees who work under the contract. It also provides for the payment of rewards, prescribed in the author's contract.
5. Write-offs that can be made in calendar order.
6. Write-offs on executive documents that meet other financial requirements.

Regardless of which types of accounts you choose, the system has the right to monitor the use of your funds and transfers. This should be remembered, since this paragraph is mandatory in the contract. The bank may also establish other restrictions not provided for by law or by agreement. This means that your finances can be managed by the banking system at your discretion, and the accounts of organizations in banks are not an exception to the rules.

Customer's obligations

The client is obliged to pay a certain amount as compensation for settlement and cash services. Also, in connection with the stipulated contract, operations on bank accounts performed on transfers of money held on the owner's account are fully paid. By signing the agreement, the client undertakes to provide a cash cover for settlement and cash operations, which is done by paying cash or transfers from third parties. It should be noted that the owner has the right not to invest all of his funds in a specific bank account. Despite this, he must leave enough money on it to enable the banking system to conduct cash and settlement transactions.

In case of non-observance of these conditions, the bank has the full right to refuse to conduct cash settlement operations and provide other services. At the same time, the owner does not have to invest his funds in bank accounts, the types of which can be studied at the beginning of the article. It is also possible to terminate the contract if the balance is below the required amount. As a rule, customers receive appropriate warnings.