A village with a non-serpent population - a white settlement

To understand what black and white settlements are, how they differ from each other, it is first necessary to understand what the term itself means, its origin, and when these entities appeared in Russia.

What is the settlement

The very origin of the word "sloboda" comes from the change in the term "freedom", which explains the meaning of the noun. Since it refers to settlements, it is not difficult to assume that these territorial entities were freed from something, most likely from taxes and duties. In the X-XI centuries, this term was first mentioned. In the XII-XVI, his progressive development, which reached the apogee under the Romanovs, was on. The granting of certain privileges at all times served as an incentive either for the development of new lands, or for the development of any kind of fishing. The benefits were different, most often the residents of the settlement or groups of settlements were exempt from taxes of different types and military obligations.

Significant differences

White suburb differed from the black, whose inhabitants did not belong to anyone, and taxes paid for themselves. Most often these were traders or artisans. Their settlements were areas of cities in need of industrial and commercial development. The White Sloboda was a land belonging to either a church or a landowner-a secular feudal lord who paid taxes to the state. Very often, thus, new lands were developed - the abolition of taxes and duties was a stimulus for the settlers. In these formations there were self-governing bodies - a suburban demolition, an elder was elected. The White Sloboda was the place of settlement of the servicemen - gunners, Cossacks (called the white people), arable soldiers, dragoons and so on. For example, Zamoskvorechye was nicknamed Streletskaya Sloboda because of the large number of military units concentrated there.

Beloslobodskaya boom

Its heyday the white settlement reached in the first years after the Time of Troubles. People fled from the excessive state tax (for people in Russia in the XV-XVIII century there were a number of monetary and natural duties) under the authority of the feudal lords. Thus, taxes on other townspeople "unearned" people who were subject to the census also increased sharply, which led to their discontent and riots, the most famous being "Solyanoi", which came during the reign of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. The reason for the outbreak of the largest urban uprising was an unprecedented increase in taxes, especially for goods of necessary consumption. So, the cost of salt from five cents increased to two hryvnia per pood.

"No, take care of the sovereign ..."

People fled the state tax, and voluntary "mortgage" under the power of large feudal lords took on alarming proportions. Revenues to the treasury dropped sharply, and in 1619 the Zemsky Sobor was convened , dedicated to this topic. It was decided to return all the people who had fled to the white settlements to the bosom of the state tax. In order to fulfill this unpopular decision, a Detective Order was created, according to which people who did not want to return and runaway townsfolk were tracked and exiled to Siberia. So the liquidation of the white settlement began. And adopted in 1649 Cathedral position completely abolished them. At the beginning of the XVIII century, after the household tax and then the poll tax began to act, and the city districts were given councils, the settlements were abolished definitively.

Historical memory

But here and there, references to them have been preserved in the names of the village or the district of a large settlement, which give the bearers the charm of antiquity. Sloboda Belaya is a good example. Kursk region, where this administrative center is located in the Belovo district, like no other, is rich in names coming from Ancient Rus. Sloboda White itself stretches along the banks of the river Ilek, which, in turn, is a tributary of Psela. Nearby is the village of Girya, and the nearby railway branch is called "Lgov-Gotnya". The name of the administrative center of Sloboda White historical. Here in 1664 Cossacks settled, or, as it was said above, "white people", free of duties and taxes. In general, in Russia the word had a very wide circulation - a settlement or a village was called settlements, whose inhabitants were not serfs. Also called trading or craft towns. Therefore, there are so many names in the history of the country that include this term - German, Yamskaya, Torgovaya, Streletskaya Sloboda and so on.