A short biography of Pirogov Nikolai Ivanovich. Pirogov NI - surgeon, the founder of Russian military field surgery

Every time you get to the hospital, especially to perform a surgical intervention, you involuntarily think about how humanity has reached such a science. Famous surgeons know everything. Pirogov Nikolai Ivanovich - one of the most famous doctors - anatomist, founder of anesthesia, a member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences.

Childhood

The future doctor was born on November 13, 1810 in Moscow. Pirogov's family looked like this: Ivan Ivanovich's father was a treasurer. Grandfather Ivan Mikheich - military, came from a peasant family. Mother Elizabeth Ivanovna from the merchant family. The younger Nicholas had five brothers and sisters. In total, the parents had 14 children, but many died very early.

He did not spend much time at the boarding school, but because of financial problems he had to continue studying at home. A very positive impact was made by the family friend, the doctor-professor E. Mukhin.

The boy learned to read early, and by the age of eight he had read not one dozen books and magazines in different languages.

University of

A brief biography of Pirogov Nikolai Ivanovich as a doctor begins with the fact that at the age of fourteen he was enrolled in the Moscow Institute for Medical Faculty. The scientific base was meager, and during the training the future doctor did not perform a single operation. But given the enthusiasm of the teenager, few of the teachers and classmates doubted that Pirogov - a surgeon. Over time, the desire to heal only intensified. For the future doctor's treatment of people became the meaning of his life.

Further activities

In 1828 the institute was successfully completed. Eighteen-year-old doctor went abroad for further training and obtaining professorship. In just eight years, he received the desired and became the head of the surgical department of the University of the Estonian city of Dorpat (real name - Tartu).

As a student, the rumor about him went far beyond the school.

In 1833 he left for Berlin, where he was struck by the incongruity of local surgery. However, he was pleasantly impressed with the skills and techniques of his German colleagues.

In 1841 Pirogov returned to Russia and went to work in the Surgical Academy of St. Petersburg.

For fifteen years of his work the doctor has become very popular among all strata of society. The scientists valued in him a deep knowledge and purposefulness. The poor people remember Nikolai Ivanovich as an unselfish doctor. People knew that Pirogov was a surgeon who could treat for free, and even help financially the most needy.

Military Practice

A brief biography of Pirogov Nikolai Ivanovich can tell about participation in many clashes and military conflicts:

- The Caucasian War (1847).

- The Crimean War (1854-1855).

- Franco-Prussian War (1870, as part of the Red Cross).

- The Russo-Turkish War (1877)

Scientific activity

Pirogov - medicine! The name of the doctor and science have forever merged.

The world saw the works of the scientist, laid in the basis of operational assistance to the wounded on the battlefield. "Father of Russian surgery" - Pirogov Nikolai Ivanovich. The contribution to medicine can not be briefly described, so extensive is the activity carried out by it.

Teachings on injuries inflicted by various weapons, including firearms, their cleaning and disinfection, body reactions, injuries, complications, bleeding, severe injuries, limb immobility are just a small part of what the great doctor left to heirs. His texts are still used today for teaching students of many disciplines.

Atlas Pirogov "Topographic Anatomy" has gained worldwide fame.

The sixteenth of October 1846 is a landmark date in history. For the first time for humanity, an operation was performed using total general anesthesia. Eating was an effervescent substance.

A brief biography of Pirogov Nikolai Ivanovich can not fail to mention that it was the doctor who gave the scientific justification and for the first time successfully applied anesthesia. The problem of the inability to relax the muscles and the presence of reflexes in the operation has now been resolved.

Like any innovation, the ether has been tested on animals - dogs and calves. Then on the helpers. And only after successful tests, anesthesia began to be used both in routine operations, and in saving the wounded in fact on the battlefield.

Another type of euthanasia, chloroform, was successfully tested. For several years the number of operations has come close to a thousand surgical interventions.

From intravenous use of ether had to be abandoned. Often there were deaths. Only at the beginning of the twentieth century, doctors Kravkov and Fedorov were able to solve this problem when researching a new drug - "Gedonal." This method of anesthesia is still often called "Russian."

The most popular was still the inhalation of vapors of the soporific substance.

The scientist tirelessly taught doctors in all the corners of the country he visited. He performed operations right in front of patients, so that those with their own eyes were convinced of the safety of this intervention.

The articles written by him were translated into the main European languages - German, French, Italian, English - and published in leading print publications.

At the dawn of discoveries, doctors came even from America, in order to learn the newest method.

Sorting and treatment

A brief biography of Pirogov Nikolai Ivanovich contains information on the conduct of research and the invention of an apparatus that significantly improves inhalation capabilities.

The great doctor also moved from imperfect starch dressings to casting gypsum in 1852.

At the insistence of Pirogov, women medical nurses appeared in military medical institutions. I thank the doctor the training of this type of medical personnel has received a powerful development.

Thanks to the influence of Nikolai Ivanovich, the sorting of the wounded was introduced. There were five categories in total - from hopeless to those who needed minimal help.

Thanks to this simple approach, the speed of transportation to other medical institutions has increased many times. What gave a chance not only for life, but for a complete recovery.

Earlier, with the arrival of several hundred people at the same time, there was chaos in the reception rooms, assistance was provided too slowly.

In the nineteenth century, there was not yet a developed science about vitamins. Pirogov was firmly convinced that carrots and fish oils help in speeding up the recovery. The world is represented by the term "therapeutic nutrition". His doctor prescribed "walks in the fresh air." Considerable attention was paid to hygiene.

Also in the asset Pirogov a lot of plastic surgery, the installation of prostheses. Has successfully applied osteoplasty.

A family

The doctor was married twice. The first wife, Ekaterina Berezina, left our world early - only twenty-four years.

The children of Pirogov Nikolai Ivanovich saw the world - Nikolai and Vladimir.

The second wife is Baroness Alexander von Bystrom.

Memory

Nicholas Ivanovich died on November 23, 1881 in his estate near Vinnitsa. The body was embalmed (also the discovery of Pirogov) and placed in a glass sarcophagus. At present, you can pay tribute to the memory of a scientist in the basement of a local Orthodox church.

In the military medical museum of St. Petersburg you can see the doctor's personal belongings, manuscripts and a death note with a diagnosis.

Grateful descendants immortalized the memory of a genius in numerous congresses, readings, named after Nikolai Ivanovich. Monuments and busts are open in many cities of different countries. The name of the surgeon is from institutes and universities, hospitals and hospitals, blood transfusion stations, streets, N.I. Pirogov, embankment and even an asteroid.

In 1947 the feature film "Pies" was made.

Bulgaria remembered its memory with a stamp of a postage stamp in 1977 with the title "100 years from the arrival of an academician".