A common sign of gymnosperms and angiosperms is ... Signs of gymnosperms and angiosperms

Plants are the finest part of the biomass of our planet. Without them, the existence of animals, mushrooms, and humans would be impossible. They are very different, have an extraordinary diversity of species and are simply amazing with their grandeur and magnificence. However, the plants did not always have the same appearance. Having passed the complex process of evolutionary transformation, only the most persistent, genetically favorably arranged ones managed to adapt and survive. The main of them, which dominate in numbers, are two groups. We will discuss them below.

General characteristic of the kingdom of the plant

To plants it is customary to refer to organisms that correspond to several signs:

• Unlimited growth throughout life;
• Implementation of the process of photosynthesis (autotrophic method of obtaining energy);
• Motionless way of life;
• Ability to release oxygen.

To date, there are about 350 thousand different representatives of this kingdom. They amaze with the variety of life forms and adaptations to the conditions of existence. All of them are divided into specific groups and taxa.

Classification

The kingdom of the plant is divided into two large sub-kingdoms: the Higher and the Lower. Each of them includes several more different taxonomic units:

1. The lower plants are represented by algae, which are divided into classes. Their main difference is the absence of a body differentiated into organs.
2. The higher plants are represented by the following divisions: ferns, mosses, horsetails, flocks, gymnosperms, angiosperms.

Naturally, each of the taxa listed has even smaller units within itself: classes, orders, families, genera and species. The most numerous and adapted of all - angiosperms, or flowering. However, this was not always the case. Once upon a time the planet was dominated by spore, then - gymnosperms.

There are signs of gymnosperms and angiosperms, which make it possible to distinguish them from the others and to understand what caused the predominance over all others. Let us consider them in detail later.

General signs of gymnosperms

This department is very interesting and extremely important for the life of the whole planet. Gymnosperms are represented by several main classes:

1. Ferns are seeded.
2. Cycadic.
3. Coniferous.
4. Bentonite
5. Ginkgoed.
6. Gnetovye.

In total there are about 800 different species. A common feature of gymnosperms and angiosperms is the obvious, reflected in the name feature: the presence of the seed in which the embryo develops. However, the same sign can also be called a difference, because the seed is located in different ways.

A common sign of gymnosperms (all without exception) can be called the development of the seed on an open cone scales. Thus, it is like naked, which was the reason for the name of the department.

Also, we can identify a few more features that representatives of gymnosperms possess:

1. Among them there are only trees and shrubs, grassy forms are absent completely.
2. Most of the leaves are transformed into thin needles, covered with a dense cuticle.
3. The conductive system is represented by albuminoid cells and sieve tubes, there are no vessels.
4. Spermia immovable, carried by the wind.
5. Plants are dioecious (dioecious).
6. The process of fertilization and development of the seed takes about two years.
7. The endosperm of the embryo is haploid in a set of chromosomes, since fertilization is simple.

A special variety among gymnosperms was reached by conifers. They constitute the main part of trees in many forests of our planet. Examples of these plants are:

• larch;
• fir;
• spruce;
• Pine;
• cedar;
• Thuja and others.

Symptoms of Flowering Plants

The fact that the common feature of gymnosperms and angiosperms is the presence of the seed has become one of the reasons why flowering plants have become more widespread. After all, their seed is safely protected by the pericarp and flesh of the fetus, which makes it invulnerable to weather conditions.

In addition to this feature, there are several other important and important characteristics of angiosperms:

1. There is a clearly constructed conductive system consisting of vessels.
2. Life forms are represented by all types; The variety of trees, bushes and grasses allows settling in any places.
3. Fertilization is double, which makes it possible to form a triploid endosperm. The process is fast.
4. Pollination is possible not only with the wind, but also with insects, animals, self-pollination and other means.
5. The main generative organ, which gives a huge advantage, is a flower.

Being the youngest in the evolutionary plan, the flower group managed to become the most progressive and numerous. Their number is close to 250 thousand species. All this became possible due to the acquisition and consolidation of genetically described signs.

Signs of similarity of gymnosperms and angiosperms

A common feature of gymnosperms and angiosperms is the fact that they do not need water for reproduction. This distinguishes them from spore, which is very dependent on moisture.

In addition, it can be noted that the common feature of gymnosperms and angiosperms is a good development of vegetative organs. Stem, leaves and root are important in the life of the body. As in the first, and in the second group, these signs are very good and distinct.

Another similarity is the formation of large forest areas, the settlement of vast territories and domination of other plants in the world. The obvious and indisputable advantage of both departments is reproduction by means of seeds. After all, if there is a seed, it means that the embryo has significant reserves for food for the first time before germination. Spore has no such advantage, so their chances of surviving are sharply reduced.

The common feature of gymnosperms and angiosperms is the ability to form fruits. At the first it is cones with seeds, at the second - different, both juicy, and dry. This makes it possible to spread the seeds with the help of birds.

Differences between gymnosperms and flowering

In addition to similarities, there are differences between the main divisions of the kingdom of the plant. These are the signs of gymnosperms and angiosperms, which allow us to distinguish them from each other and explain the numerical superiority of some over others.

There are several basic points:

1. Time spent on fertilization and reproduction, the formation of a new organism.
2. Position of the seed on the plant (open or protected).
3. The presence or absence of certain life forms.
4. Method of pollination.
5. Value in the evolution of animals.
6. Biological role in nature and importance for man.

Phylogenetic peculiarities of gymnosperms

If we talk about the origin of gymnosperms, we should refer to the Devonian period, that is, to look back about 370 million years ago. It was then that they managed to dislodge the ferns, mosses, horsetails and mussels, which were in the priority for long millions of years.

The main reason for this is the independence of water in the process of reproduction and seed formation. Today, many of the ancient forms of gymnosperms became extinct, forming an active supply of coal. However, a variety of new forms also appeared. In addition, some species of pine, ginkgo, whose age is estimated for thousands of years, are still known.

At one time, gymnosperms failed to create normal feeding supplies for existing animals and birds. This was one of the reasons why the adaptive-flowering species evolved and became more widespread.

Phylogeny of angiosperms

A comparatively young group of plants, the appearance of which is attributed to the end of the Jurassic period. Progressive features, which we mentioned above, allowed representatives of this department to settle in all climatic zones and assume a dominant position.

It is important that with the advent and dispersal of angiosperms, fodder for both animals and birds was sufficient. And man today does not represent his life without the products that these plants give us. After all, all cereals, vegetable crops, berries and others are flowering. Therefore we owe them our lives.

The importance and biological role of plants

If we talk about the significance of both departments, the common sign of gymnosperms and angiosperms is the ability to carry out the process of photosynthesis and produce a huge amount of oxygen for breathing all living beings. Both coniferous and flowery plants occupy a huge area of land. With their tireless work, they produce not only oxygen, but also absorb carbon dioxide, saving people from the greenhouse effect. They are also producers of organic matter. Thanks to the plants all other creatures live on the planet, therefore it is difficult to overestimate their role in nature.