Why fill out an act to write-off the materials?

All enterprises and firms acquire, come to the warehouse, and then expend materials for different needs. At the same time, the relevant documents are drawn up:

1. If materials from the warehouse are systematically released to the units for the execution of works and services, limit-fence cards are issued. For example: cement or brick on the construction site, flour or sugar in the culinary shop.

They are filled in for a month, in two copies, one remains in the warehouse, and the second - from the materially responsible person in the department or subdivision of the enterprise. At the end of the month, the card is sent to the accountant to complete the disposal of the materials.

2. If the materials are released one-time, the demand for goods issue or a waybill is made out. For example: spare parts in a repair shop, office supplies in the office.

When there is a write-off of materials, the accountant makes postings in the program, indicating the credit score 10 (materials), and the debit - the expense account:

• Administrative expenses in the office
• On the main production (20) in the workshop where the products of the enterprise are manufactured
• To auxiliary production (23) to the subdivision in which additional work is carried out
• At shortages revealed at inventory
• On the basis of acts of rejection at retail outlets
• When drawing up trade markdowns, when writing off the shrinkage

The act on writing-off of materials states the fact of their leaving, is made out on the basis of primary documents and is signed by the commission. In accounting, the cost of materials is recorded in monetary terms. But they come to the enterprise in different lots, at different times and not at the same prices. Therefore, there are several methods for writing them off:

1. Weighted average cost method - the most used in practice. To do this, consider the total cost of materials received in the warehouse and their total number. Then calculate the average cost of a unit, which is multiplied by the amount of written-off materials.

2. The FIFO method, when first materials are written off the materials of the first batch, then subsequent, as they enter the warehouse.

3. The LIFO method, at which the last batch of materials is written off first, and then the first receipt. The total amount of write-offs will be higher than in the previous methods. This method is used rarely, for example, in construction.

4. Identification method, which is used even less often, because it is labor-intensive. It is used when materials are written off, such as precious stones in a jewelry workshop, exclusive products in elite tailor-made shops for individual orders. Writing off is carried out at the cost of a unit of material, because each dress is obtained in a single copy, and precious stones have their value and characteristic composition.

When completing the act for writing-off materials, indicate its number, date, name of materials, units of measure, their quantity, price, total amount, storage location, reason for write-off and expense account. The commission is signed by three persons, with the indication of the position and the full name. The act is approved by the head of the enterprise, and the seal is put. The deed is signed by the financially responsible person, but he is not a member of the commission.

The accountant records the posting: D (expense account), K (material account).

In the construction for each facility the head or the senior foreman maintains the documentation for the year, drafts, estimates for the reconstruction and expansion of the facility, for installation or new construction. Form 29 (write-off of materials) reflects the actual cost of construction and production standards.

Before the start of construction of the company's VET, the first section of the form 29 is filled out, indicating the norms of the required materials, and the foreman records the volumes of the work done there. In the second section, the foreman reflects the actual costs of materials during construction and compares them with production standards.

During construction and installation works, the foreman will account for the actual consumption and overspending of materials on a monthly basis, specifying the reasons in the explanatory note.

Each month he submits his report to the accounts department and to the PTO. After checking and approval by the construction manager, the form is returned to the foreman to fill it in the next month. The basis for filling out Form 29 are the primary accounting documents : transport invoices, the form of COP-6, which is used to record the work performed, local and general standards for the consumption of materials in construction.

In building organizations, writing down materials has certain characteristics. The picking card, which is issued in triplicate, has information on the number of required materials, on the materials received after the fact and according to the planned standards. Information is displayed monthly and shows the balance at the end of the year for each type of materials (sand, concrete, roofing materials) and for each type of work (finishing work, engineering communications) separately.

Analyzing the picking cards, material reports, form 29, design and estimate documentation, VET and accounting together prepare acts for writing off, signed by the commission members and approved by the first head of the construction organization.