Who were called pedagogues in ancient Greece? The duties of a teacher in Ancient Greece

Even before our era, people tried to study the world around them in every way. In those days, the mysteries of building architectural buildings were covered in mathematical calculations, on which the "foundation" of the future project was based. It was Greek mathematicians who were able to give impetus to science. And very few people know that people from this country built all those systematic canons of raising children, which later developed European scholars and philosophers.

What is it about? Of course, about the teachers. The Greeks were the first to understand that knowledge is not enough to save - they need to be passed on. This is the only way to develop and improve. It was the ancient Greeks who introduced the system of compulsory primary education and actively developed the system of schools throughout the country. Even the wayward Spartans appreciated the full potential of pedagogy and the opportunities that it offers to future generations.

In this article, we will examine all the subtleties of education and reveal an important issue in the educational sphere - who in ancient Greece was called educators?

Unmarried chores

Each pair, which eventually became a family, acquired children. And with the advent of the baby, the spouses were automatically assigned all the duties of the family: it is the worship of traditions, and the acceptance of religion, and all the cult duties inherent in the generation.

The birth of the firstborn was truly a triumph. The door of the house, where the nurse was, was decorated with olive branches or woolen threads. The baby was bathed in a vat of water, which was added with olive oil and wine.

But not always men were confident in their paternity. They waited about a week to recognize their features in the child, and then they arranged a real holiday for all the guests.

Warriors from childhood

Education in ancient Greece was carried out in conjunction with the cultural traditions of a particular kind. Of course, there were general canons for the whole people, but each family was individual and with their desires.

Most of them emphasized the education of the defender of the homeland, this implicitly applied to the male half.

From the very childhood, the parents of their children grew up on the wise sayings of Homer. In these works everything was painted and structured, especially the rules of human behavior in society. The man had to pay a debt to his homeland, the exploits were to be performed only for his people.

Development is not in years

Preparation for adulthood was carried out separately for boys and girls, for each, emphasis was placed on training.

Men were required to be able to write, read, know several military songs, study history and understand in religious rites. Of course, a big bias was on the physical training of fighters. The tests were not easy. Young people experienced the real hardships of the warrior: hunger, pain, unbearable heat, cold and so on.

After such preparatory "courses" the boys were driven to the altar of the goddess Artemis and beaten with rods. Those who took this next test, went to wander around the country without any means for living and even with a minimum of clothing. Having sustained this, they were allowed to eat with respectable men and became the elite of society.

Female share

As for the beautiful half, they were under the guardianship of their wet nurse or nurse until the age of seven. Then they were taught how to spin, weave, and look after the farm. But the educational moments from the category of "read, write" were paid for a minimum of time.

For example, in Athens, the education of girls directly depended on parents and their wishes, but in Sparta young beauties were engaged in gymnastic exercises and struggle along with men-soldiers.

Also, girls were taught singing and dancing, as the female role in religious rituals was the leading one.

Teaching - light

The first ancient schools of Greece arose in the 5th century. BC. The content of education was very versatile, the bias went to different sciences.

Parents almost from birth determined who to be a child, and depending on the wishes sent to one of the schools:

1. Miletus School - in the priority of humanitarian, applied and philosophical sciences.

2. The Pythagorean congregation - the knowledge of the properties of numbers and the theory of the unity of the world.

3. Educational institution of Heraclitus of Ephesus - study of the phenomena of nature and war.

4. Eleatic school - discovered the problems of knowing something.

5. Atomists - studied atoms and material particles.

The ancient schools of Greece still had similarities: the search for the original existence of man, open philosophical teachings and reflections and explanations of unidentified phenomena that arose in the environment.

This was the reason for the unity of the people, and the difference between the minds was not colossal.

Definition not for the intended purpose

And yet, whom in ancient Greece were called educators?

Most likely, you will think that these are people who received special education in order to have some powers in this field in the future. But it is not so.

In ancient times, the turnover of "slave teachers" contained words that were identified by meaning. These were mostly men who were not fit for physical work in any area of work, so they kept their home. The cult of family and life was in the first place.

The duty of such a slave was to watch children under seven. The educator-guard guarded his ward at the exit from the house, accompanied to school and to social events. He also invested his knowledge of literacy on an elementary level.

All this went on until the age when the children crossed the threshold of maturity and some wisdom.

Do not exclude women in this profession. They were teachers of the Greek language, and mostly they were attached to small children.

Concepts of education

Not only in our time people (for example, in historical studies) are wondering about who in ancient Greece was called educators.

In those days, the teachings of educational methods were born as special trends of philosophy. Theoretical concepts promoted the great philosophers - Democritus, Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. They identified educational processes with the laws of nature and revealed family traditions through philosophical teachings.

Democritus studied human consciousness and its functions.

Socrates established the fact that the best education is a dialogue with students, because only with the help of a mutual perception of information will a good result.

Plato studied the problem of slavery in pedagogy. He wrote two works - "State" and "Laws".

Aristotle looked at everything through the prism of the natural world. The goal of education in his understanding was divided into two parts: the development of the intelligent and strong-willed sides of the soul.

At one time, Ancient Greece briefly but clearly dictated its own canons in educational processes. And such kinds of knowledge of children's psychology spread not only in this country.

Transfer of knowledge to generations

Nowadays, these ancient knowledge - and that's what the teachers operate, and it does not matter which subject. All the same, the origins lead to ancient Greece.

Philosophical teachings can not always be understood by ordinary passers-by, but those who seek to know the world, difficulties are not terrible.

And people who want and want to work in the field of education, we advise to consider the question of who in ancient Greece was called educators. After all, many years pass, the meaning of some words changes, and as a result the most valuable treasures - children suffer.