What is ceramics? Semikarakorskaya ceramics

One of the types of folk craft is the creation of ceramic products. About what is ceramics, what kinds of it is divided, what is produced from it, read in the article.

General information

What is ceramics? This is a clay product that has been fired. Thousands of years passed before people could formulate this brief definition. The man became interested in making clay products when he ceased to lead a nomadic way of life and began to live a settled life. The development of crafts was fostered by attachment to a permanent place of residence. People passed their skills from the older generation to the younger.

It is possible that ceramics is the first material that a man created. What is ceramics? Ancient man did not divide it into species. In his understanding, the so-called clay products, mixed with lime, quartz or feldspar. Master all this processed into a mass of one consistency, formed the product manually, and later on the potter's wheel, and burned it.

What is called ceramics?

In translation from the Greek language it is "clay". What is ceramics? In fact, it is a mixture of natural materials, such as clay, sand, zircon and others. The craft in the manufacture of ceramic products in a form customary for us began to be occupied since he learned the skill of melting organic particles at a high temperature - up to 2500 degrees.

The quality of the ceramic clay acquires in the fire. Products, for the production of which the thin white clay was used, were called porcelain. White clay in combination with quartz sand is faience. Products from red clay - pottery.

Types of ceramics

The art of ceramics since ancient times is a folk craft. Products decorated the life of a man, they were an integral part of his life. Even then, ceramic objects were distinguished depending on the method of production, raw materials, coating composition, purpose. Masters of pottery made pots for flowers, jugs for milk and kvass, various bowls, trays and many other items that were used in everyday life.

The natural properties of clay (plasticity and tone of the material) in combination with a variety of shades of glaze contributed to the production of real works of art. Different epochs have left their characteristic features on these subjects. At present, the world of ceramics has become more diverse and bright. Interest in artistic craftsmanship has been preserved.

Today, ceramics has found wide application in the interior of the interior space and the external facade of buildings. Decorative lattices and partitions, fireplaces, ornamental panels, vases, candlesticks, bowls, vessels make of it. The world of ceramics is replete with special patterns, products for decoration. Ceramics can be of the following types:

• Terracotta - from the Italian language is translated as "scorched earth". The raw material for manufacturing is the colored clay of a porous structure. Products are not glaziruyutsya. It is used for domestic, construction and artistic purposes. Terracotta is used to make dishes, sculptures, tiles, tiles, facing tiles, which is currently produced by JSC "Nefrit-Ceramics" - The leading Russian manufacturer.

• Pottery - products need additional processing. Before firing, their walls are smoothed (plowed) so that no liquid passes through them. This is done until the shine appears. Then the product is placed in a cooling furnace and kept in smoke for a long time. This process is called "moraine". The product in the oven is taken out and dipped in water with flour. This is "zaparka" or "obvarka". The surface is covered with beautiful tan and does not let water pass. Pottery is used for making household items.
• Majolica are products made from pottery clay with a colored glaze coating. This technique is used for making decorative panels, tiles, platbands, sculptures, dishes and other items.
• Porcelain - the distinctive features are white color, transparency and thin walls. Possesses the ability not to pass a liquid. Depending on the effect of high temperatures porcelain can be soft and hard. The first is used for the production of decorative objects, and the second - for the dishes.

• Faience - similar to porcelain, but not so white and transparent. The shard is thicker, the porous structure is less durable, it skips moisture. From it, utensils, toilet bowls, washbasins, decorative tiles are made. "Nephrite-Ceramics" - The company, which is the leader in the production of the latter in the Russian market. The quality of products is provided by high-tech processes, which are carried out on modern Italian and Spanish equipment.

Semikarakorskaya ceramics

This name she received in honor of the city in the Rostov region. Two centuries ago there were many pottery workshops in Semikarakor. But by the seventies of the last century there was only one where in the newly built shop today unique faience is produced. Masters for a short time created their own artistic style, manufacturing technology and a wide range of products. Semikarakorskaya painting Is distinguished by the uniqueness of bright scenes, the harmony of colorful multicolored, which reflect the attitude of the authors and give a festive mood.

Features of Semikarakorsk ceramics

Artistic style of products was worked by art experts. Ornaments were developed by famous artists of our country. Plots are similar to Gzhel painting: a variety of floral patterns depicted on a large-sized flower. Semikarakorskaya pottery is also a steppe flora and fauna of the Don on a background of snow-white faience, refined and refined landscapes and much more. To date, the formation of a separate style of seven-Karakor painting techniques has been completed.

A distinctive feature is the use of manual labor in the process of painting products of original shapes. Masters - the real creators of ingenuity and poetry in the choice of decor. The main part of ceramic fishing is the manufacture of earthenware, where painting is used with gilding. It is applied to the product under a layer of glaze. Particularly popular are the figures of female Cossacks dressed in national costumes, and other souvenirs: typewriters, sugar bowls with lid houses, teapots, temples and more.

Names of ceramic products

They are very diverse. Some of them:

• Wall panels - with their help the usual room becomes unique, there is stability and respectability of the owners of the house or office. Wall panels are the embodiment of any fantasy: fairytale and historical plots, folk motifs, abstract drawings.
• Inserts are paintings of ceramics of small size. For their writing, the master uses painting or relief.
• Volume ceramics are dishes (vases, pots, etc.). Fashion for this type of pottery will never pass.
• Plant pots - the decorativeness of any house plant will increase many times if the containers for them are made of ceramics.

The Benefits of Ceramic Utensils

What is ceramics? In ancient times people did not know such a word. Later they were called clay products, which stored the warmth of the hands of the master. Pottery is endowed with medicinal properties, and all thanks to the natural qualities of clay and its ability to absorb solar energy.

For a long time now, people have chosen jars from clay that have the ability to regulate the temperature in a natural way. Chilled milk in a jar for a long time will not heat up, and boiling water - cool down. If you cook a dish in such dishes, it will be soft and juicy.

Application in other areas

The material is used to protect weapons, aircraft and other armored vehicles. A wide application in the aviation industry is found in glass and ceramics.

It is used in medicine for surgical interventions for prosthetics of the bones, in orthopedics and other directions. The tile of the domestic JSC "Nephrite-Ceramics" is used by designers in the design of interiors and exteriors of premises.