What is a computer network

Despite the fact that in recent years, computer networks are used on a global scale, sometimes users have difficulty with understanding the meaning behind this term. The situation is quite common and not only in computer technology. In this case, behind the loud name lies the most common computer network known to everyone.

Computing networks are often confused with programs for distributed computing. The meaning of their work is that the owner of the computer installs and runs a special client program. In accordance with the task (modeling of nuclear reaction processes, medical research) idle computing power is loaded with work, the result of which is sent to a remote server. It is important that the computer does not fully calculate the entire task, but a certain part of it. The remaining calculations are divided between the main initiator and the other participants in the computational process. A well-known example is Folder & Home. The term "computer networks" with a number of reservations can be used for similar projects. On the other hand, the term is usually understood to mean a little bit different.

Computing networks are a communication system of any computer equipment. So, for two computers connected by a network, there is no need to transfer information on any intermediate media. Using a modulated electric current transmitted over the wires; Light in a fiber optic cable or a magnetic field in the case of a wireless type of communication, it is possible to solve the problem of bi-directional data transfer much more effectively .

The construction of the network begins with the definition of the range of problems to be solved. If you just need to connect several computing devices belonging to the same user, then, as a rule, it is a relatively simple scheme. This network is called PAN (English Personal Area Network). More common are local area networks (LAN). They are characterized by a closed closed infrastructure, to which only a limited number of users are allowed access. Exit to other networks is usually one at all. An example is computer clubs, where all machines are connected via LAN; Various offices (including a variant with separate buildings), in which several computers are used simultaneously, etc.

The creation of local networks can be performed even by a user who has only basic knowledge of the subject. This was the reason for the massiveness of "locales", especially popular in times of inaccessible or expensive access to the global Internet. Thus, using twisted-pair or coaxial cable, enthusiastic users connected dozens of computers within a multi-storey building. Such networks could be expanded by merging with the LAN of neighboring houses. They solved several tasks at once: they allowed to exchange information, that is, without leaving home, and also gave the opportunity to use the services of any Internet provider, jointly paying the tariff.

Currently, the cost of access to the Wide Area Network (WAN) has become accessible even to a person with an average income, so the need for these home LANs for many has remained in the past. Now LAN mainly integrates computing devices in various business organizations, where such solutions are very much in demand. For example, by connecting two computers through a local network, you can share scanners, printers, etc., which actually means saving. With a large number of machines, the economic effect is much more pronounced.