What is a case question? Case and semantic questions

No word of the Russian language in the sentence can exist independently. In order for the utterance to make sense, it must have a connection between all its parts. This connection is called syntactic, which is formed with the help of the case system of the Russian language. There are ten such cases altogether, but six are taught in school, but in simple speech they are used all in full, although they have a disputable case status.

The role of case

How is the relationship of words in the sentence formed? What parts of speech are declined? How are new forms of the word formed? How to put questions between members of the proposal? What are the case questions of adjectives, nouns and other parts of speech? These and many other topics relating to this section of the Russian language are taught in schools, beginning with the third grade. In the Russian language, parts of speech, such as a noun, a pronoun, an adjective and a numeral, change or decline by case. And this is expressed in changing the ending. And in order to determine the case of any of the words, a case-question is put to it.

In fact, it's not at all difficult to learn to understand this topic. To do this, children are offered interesting and even funny rhymes, each word of which begins with a capital letter of the case list. For example: Ivan Rodil Girl told to Drag the Diaper.

The case system of the Russian language

Depending on the functions performed, the noun can change by case. This process is called declension, and it is thanks to it that words in the sentence have a syntactic role and a connection between themselves. Otherwise it would be just a list of the vocabulary. Here are the case-related questions of the Russian language, which determine the role of the noun in the sentence:

Impeccative, or Im. P.- the master, the house-who? what?

Genitive, or RP - master, at home - whom? Of what?

Dative, or D.P. - the master, the house - to whom? What?

Accusative, or V.P. - the master, the house - whom? what?

Creative, or T.P. - the master, the house - by whom? than?

Proposal, or PP-about the master, about the house-about whom? about what?

All cases, except for the nominative, have the name "indirect" and can be used with the preposition and without it (it is this official part of the speech that serves to clarify the meaning of the word). The exception here is only the prepositional case, which one of the entire list is used exclusively with a preposition.

Acquaintance of schoolchildren with this system begins each time according to the same pattern: first the children are offered to select the case question by the selection method, after the name of the case is pronounced, and finally the role of the word in the sentence, namely which member of the proposal it is, the main or secondary.

Nominative case

The main distinguishing feature here is that the word in the singular in the nominative case is always the initial form. In a sentence, whether singular or plural, such words always act as a grammatical basis, namely the subject.

For example: "The boy (the case question - who?) Goes (what does?) To school." Here the phrase "boy goes" is the grammatical basis, and the word "boy" stands in the nominative case.

But it is simply impossible to make such a proposal, where the subject is not in the nominative case.

Genitive

The great difficulty here is that the case-case table has similar interrogative words, in particular, it concerns the genitive and accusative cases. And then come to the aid of pretexts. Thus, the prepositions "without", "y", "before", "from", "from", "for" are used only with words in the RP. As a rule, they enter the question itself.

For example:

• "He walks without slippers (without what?)."
• "Soup from fish (from what?)."
• "The girl was from her grandmother (from whom?)."

Dative

Here the definition of the form of the word is a little simpler, but here there are both case and semantic questions. What does it mean?

For example: "Children are jumping along the corridor (for what? Is a case, where? Is a semantic question)."

It is very important to distinguish between these types of questions, because, using the semantic form, it will not be possible to correctly identify the case.

It is also worth noting that the preposition "k" is used only with D.P., while "on" can occur with V.P., and with D.P., and with P.P.

Accusative

With this case form there can also be some difficulties due to the issues that determine it. Because they are similar to the nominative and dative cases.

For example, we can take an interesting sentence, which reads as follows:

"The mouse saw the mouse." "It's about the mouse that saw the mouse, but which of the words is subject?" If you complete this sentence, we get: "The mouse saw a mouse, a chicken and a duck." It immediately becomes clear which of the words is part of the grammatical basis. That is why in Russian most often the subject stands before the predicate. So, it is clear that one of the words is in the IP, but how to determine the shape of the second? Is it a civil law or a civil law? Again, we need to turn to reasoning. Here you should not take words out of context, you need to put the question directly from the predicate: - "The mouse saw (what?) Mouse".

With words in the accusative case such prepositions are used: "about", "through", "through", "on".

Instrumental case

As a rule, the words used in the instrumental case are directly related to the predicate and are used with the prepositions "above" and "c". Therefore, first a grammatical basis is singled out in the sentence, and then the case form of the secondary members is determined. However, it also happens that the sentence can be with an incomplete grammatical basis. And here it is important from context to catch a possible predicate. For example: "Squirrel is friends with a bumpkin, a cat with a mouse, and a bunny with a grass".

The basis of the sentence "protein friends", "cat" and "bunny" - from the context it is clear that in all parts of this sentence one predicate can be used - "friends". We put from him the question "with whom?". The word "with a mouse" and the word "with grass" answer the case questions.

Prepositional

In this case there are some peculiarities: words are not used without prepositions. There are also semantic questions that need to be learned to sift. For example:

• "The boy drew (where? What?) In the album tree."
• "Cucumbers grow (where? On what?) In the garden."
• "Wolves are found (where? In what?) In the forests."

The question is always put together with the preposition used in the sentence.

Other cases

In addition to the six basic cases that are included in the school curriculum, there are so-called additional cases.

• The vocative, or vocative. As a rule, this form is used when referring to a person. For example: Anya - Im.p., and An - vocational. This case is not completely newly formed, and its forms have been preserved from ancient times until today in the words "Lord, God", "old man", "father" and so on.
• Quantitative separating, parity, or second genitive. As a rule, in school all forms of this case are attributed to the genitive.
• Local, or locative. This form is often replaced by the prepositional case, but in some cases they can be divided. For example: "about the cabinet" - about what? And "in the closet" - where?
• Initial, or ablative. In this case, the noun denotes the place of the beginning of the action or movement, and from the local one stands out only by accentuation. For example: "left the forest".

A special attention is paid to the study of this material in the school curriculum. And this is understandable: knowing the subtlety of the interrelation of words in a sentence, one can be sure of the literacy of speech, the correctness of all the endings. This will avoid many gross errors both in conversation and in writing, which is very important in our time of education and great technologies.