Water supply: the security zone how much is?

Today, as never before, the issue of environmental protection becomes urgent and vital. As the heroine of a well-known comedy film said, "one must be protected from a person". Nature also needs protection from the results of people's activities. A special place in a number of natural resources is water.

Water objects under special protection

Water is the basis of human life, nourishes the earth, plants, fruits and seeds; Without it, no life on Earth is unthinkable. That is why water resources and facilities are taken under state protection, and special regulatory regulation is established for them.

All sources and objects of water supply, water supply are subject to protection. The security zone is provided as one of the guarantees of clean surface and groundwater. The purpose of state protection in this sphere is not only to prevent pollution of water sources, but also to preserve the purity, natural chemical composition of water, and to ensure the safety of domestic and industrial water consumption.

Special legislation

The law provides for the protection of water resources at all levels, beginning with the Water Code, the profile law on drinking water, and ending with subordinate regulations: the Rules for the Use of Water and Sewage Systems in Populated Areas, State Urban Planning Standards of 1992 and other executive acts.

A special normative act in this area is the Sanitary Norms and Regulations of the "Sanitary Protection Zone for Water Supply and Sanitary Supply Water Supply Facilities SanPiN 2.1.4.1110-02" approved by the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation on February 26, 2002.

Protection of water bodies is inextricably linked with land legal relations, because water resources are inseparable from soil and soils of different depths of occurrence. The water pipeline, whose security zone passes through the land, becomes an integral part of it: this relationship with the land is the basis for the qualification of unlawful acts in this area and the appointment of a measure of responsibility.

The Basic Law also provides for the citizen's right to a safe environment, which the state must guarantee.

What is the water and sewage protection zones?

Each structure must be pre-engineered. When constructing sketches of any objects - pipelines, treatment plants, buildings, houses and other structures - a guard zone of the water supply system is necessarily provided. How many meters it makes depends on the quality of the soils. The security zone is a normally established distance from a water body to the nearest structure and is designed to ensure sanitary and epidemiological safety of water pipelines.

The draft sanitary protection zones are coordinated with the sanitary epidemiological service and include:

• Differentiation of belts of the sanitary zone;
• List of engineering measures for the improvement of the territory;
• The description of the special regime in each band.

Protected areas are prohibited from storing materials, installing equipment, constructing any structures, including temporary ones: any such action can not only pollute water bodies, but also create an additional load on the pipelines. Such unauthorized structures impede the free access of operating organizations, which are obliged to eliminate accidents on the networks and repair the water supply.

The security zone implies the restriction of any economic activity, including construction: placement of facilities with violation of sanitary zones projects is prohibited.

The guard zone of the SNIP water pipeline is established - sanitary norms and rules.

Belts of sanitary protection

The entire security zone of the object is divided into several bands:

1. The first line of strict regime - a circle, including water intake and a site of waterworks. Here you can not discharge sewage, swim, graze cattle, fish, arrange berths, place buildings, apply any fertilizers, lay pipelines, extract minerals.
2. The second and third zones of restrictions and observations are the territory reserved for the protection of water bodies and water supply sources. In the second zone, warehouses of petroleum products, fertilizers and other dangerous objects that are a threat to chemical water pollution are not allowed; It is impossible to plow the land, drain swamps, and pollute the plots with waste.
3. In the third zone, it is also forbidden to store solid waste, to develop subsoil, to divert wastewater that does not comply with sanitary norms and rules.

What is the width of the guard area of the aqueduct?

If the water pipe passes through undeveloped areas, the width of the protective strip depends on the quality of the soils and the diameter of the pipeline:

• In dry soils - 10 m at a diameter of up to 1000 mm and 20 m for large pipe sizes;
• In wet soils - not less than 50 m.

The water supply, whose security zone passes in the construction sectors, can carry an additional environmental and production load. The protective zone of the water supply system in the areas of development can be reduced by agreement with the SES authorities.

Legislatively set the mandatory minimum, which can not be reduced under any circumstances:

• From the foundation of buildings and structures - not less than 5 m;
• From the foundations of fences, overpasses, supports - not less than 3 m;
• From the side stone of the street - not less than 2 m;
• From the supports of overhead power lines - from 1 to 3 m, depending on the power of the network.

Thus, the security zones of the water supply and sewage system vary in width, depending on external factors.

Responsibility for violation of security zones

For the placement of buildings, objects, materials in the water protection zones, there are various sanctions:

• Material - in the form of compensation for damage caused by unauthorized construction, storage of materials, objects, garbage closer than 5 m to the water pipe axis;
• Administrative - in the form of a fine for violation of building codes and regulations during construction, including for the erection of facilities without an approved project or with violation of security zones;
• Criminal - in the form of imprisonment for self-seizure of a land plot located in zones of sanitary protection.

Guard zones - a guarantee of protection of water from pollution. Their observance is mandatory for all participants in public and economic relations, not only public, but also private.