Water intake unit: purpose, features, constituent elements

In order to establish an autonomous water supply for any facility to which it is impossible to connect a centralized water supply, design and build water intake facilities. What are these constructions? These are systems, the main element of which is the water intake unit. It is necessary for the collection of water masses from sources.

In turn, sources can be artificial or natural. Water intake assemblies are not just the initial elements of the design, but they are also the most important elements in the system. From their work depends the delivery of water to the place of consumption and its quality.

Basic Types

The water intake is of two kinds. These are surface and underground systems.
Devices intended for installation in underground sources may have a different design, according to which they are divided into the following types:

1. Radiation.
2. Combined.
3. For artesian wells with clean water of high quality.
4. Mine wells. Provided for the supply of groundwater.
5. Trench and gallery horizontal structures.

Surface VCUs are more productive, but they need constant monitoring.

The nodes of the surface type are subdivided according to the source of the fence:

1. At sea - sea.
2. There is a river on the river.
3. On the lake - lake.
4. The reservoir is a reservoir.

Constituent elements

The system of VCU designs can consist of a different set of elements. It:

1. The device that takes the water (the first rise). This is the loading pump.
2. Flowmeter. It is necessary to take into account the volume of water supplied.
3. Fire pump. It is installed, if necessary. Works on automatics.
4. The 2nd lift station. It consists of special pumps. Their task is to ensure constant pressure and supply of water masses to the extent necessary for consumption.
5. Water tower. Sometimes it replaces the second pumping station.
6. Drainage system. It is arranged so that when the reservoir is overfilled or flooded with a source, excess fluid is removed.
7. Automation. It is necessary to adjust the amount of water consumption, control the operation of the system, provide automatic maintenance. In this case, the scheme can be any and depends on the requirements of the customer.
8. Transformer substation (if necessary).

Cleaning system

The quality of water affects the health of every person who uses it. Because of this, the owners of the source, who care about their health and the health of their loved ones, believe that the construction of water intake units must necessarily include a cleaning system.

Purification of water masses begins from the moment of their collection in the source. The initial water masses are fed to the mud filter. Scales, coarse suspended solids and other impurities are retained here. If they are not eliminated, the water treatment equipment will fail.

After that, the water passes through the aeration and subsequent filtration, which is carried out by deironing filters. In addition, with vigorous stirring, harmful impurities are oxidized and precipitated. They are then picked up by a de-ironing filter. For this, the element is equipped with multi-way automatic valves.

Then the water masses enter the reservoir, which simultaneously serves as its storage. Pumps of the second rise after ultraviolet disinfection, eliminating bacteriological contamination, feed them to the consumer.

Basic requirements for VCU

To ensure high-quality water is supplied smoothly, the water intake assembly must be properly assembled. For this, economic, sanitary and technical requirements must be met, and operation must comply with the instructions. Therefore, the drawing up of drawings of VCU designs usually takes into account the possibility of unfavorable conditions. This will allow them to prevent violations of the system.

As for the location, in accordance with the sanitary norms, the area around the water intake point should consist of several belts:

1. The first radius is 15-16 m. There are no buildings that are not intended to solve the node's tasks.
2. The second radius is protection from penetration of bacterial contamination.
3. The third radius is protection against the penetration of chemical contaminants.

If the design of the water intake units has been carried out taking into account the requirements listed above, its operation will be durable and reliable.

What factors can affect the design?

The most important characteristics are:

1. Repairability.
2. Device rate.
3. Properties of water and its composition.
4. The cost. Not a stable amount. Its magnitude depends on the depth of the well, the type of equipment necessary for its functionality, the geology of the installation site and other indicators.
5. Quality of installation. If the work is done professionally, this guarantees the reliability of the system and its operation.
6. Hydrogeological characteristics of the area.

How does hydrogeology affect the design of VCU?

Taking hydrogeology into account, the water intake unit can have different design features.

1. With a single casing. In this design, the production column serves both as a casing. Is arranged at a depth of 35 m.
2. With a single casing, but a plastic column for filtration or maintenance. It is installed in wells on sand.
3. Single casing, which has a section where the trunk is open. It is installed on small wells located on limestone soils.
4. On an artesian well with a plastic production pipe. This is the most common water intake. The project is designed for a high level of water masses.
5. For an artesian well with a double casing.
6. For an artesian well with several cracks.