Types and names of sweets (list)

For most people, sweets are a favorite treat, able not only to please your taste, but also to cheer up and add energy. These sweets of various kinds have been prepared for several centuries, and the name of sweets (the list of which is presented in the article) has changed significantly during this time.
This article will tell you about what kinds of sweet delicacies are produced today by confectioneries, how they differ and how they are called.

When did they appear?

Sweet delicacies, the precursors of our favorite sweets, loved in different countries since ancient times. So the culinary specialists of Ancient Egypt created sweets from honey, lemon balm, iris roots, cane and dates, and the ancient Romans - from boiled poppy seeds, nuts, honey mass and sesame. In Russia they loved a delicacy prepared from maple syrup, honey and treacle.

Candy, outwardly similar to modern, began to be produced only in the XVI century in Italy. This is due to the fact that the industrial production of sugar was established, without which it is impossible to make sweets. Initially, it was believed that this is a fairly strong drug, and it was sold only in pharmacies. Over time, candied fruits in sugar, they got the name of sweets, ceased to be considered medicines, and became popular sweets.

What it is?

The very word "candy" came in Russian from Italian, where confetto means "pill, candy". Originally it was used by Italian pharmacists to name candied pieces of fruit - candied fruits, sold as medicines. The plural form - "candy" - appeared a little later in the XIX century, when Italian carnivals became popular, in which participants threw confetti into each other - fake candies made of gypsum.

Today, sweets include sweet confectionery products of different shapes, appearance, taste and texture.

What are they like?

The modern assortment of sweets is so great that confectioners have come up with many classifications. We are also interested in what kinds of candies we can buy in the store, the names of which can hardly differ significantly from different manufacturers. The most popular and demanded by Russian buyers:

• Caramel. It consists of molasses and sugar.
• Lollipops. One of the simplest in the manufacture of confectionery products obtained by cooking molasses, sugar or corn syrup. The resulting composition is flavored and poured into special forms. The name of the candy list is presented below.

- caramel candies;

- candy on a stick;

- Lollipops in a paper wrapper;

- soft lollipops - monpasier;

- liquorice or salted sweets;

- elongated or oblong form of candy. The names and photos of such "pencils" and "sticks" are presented below.

• Iris, often called toffee. This name was invented by the French confectioner Morne, who worked at the beginning of the 20th century in St. Petersburg, who saw the similarity of such candies with the petals of the iris flower. They are made from condensed milk, butter and sugar and contain vitamin B _{12, which is} necessary for the normal functioning of the body. "Tuzik", "Kis-Kis", "Golden Key", "Milk Cows" - these are all names of sweets in the Soviet era. The list of toffee then, as you can see, was small.
• Chocolate candies. Depending on the filling, the following types are distinguished:

- soufflé, for example, "Bird's milk", which can also be called "Bird of marvel", "Bogorodskaya bird", "Zimolyubka" and others;

- grilling, obtained from shredded nuts filled with sugar, fruit or honey syrup. These are such sweets as "Grilyazh in chocolate", "Grilyazhnaya skazka", "Strawberry grilling" and others;

- praline - chocolate sweets filled with sugar and cocoa nuts mixed with cognac or some other flavoring: Bud, Babaevsky, Shokonatka, Juliet;

- liqueur sweets contain inside the filling of liqueur or sugar syrup with cognac: "Cream-liqueur", "Liquor in chocolate", "Blue velvet";

- in sweets with a jelly filling under a layer of chocolate there is a dense berry or fruit jelly: "Lel '", "Southern night", "Lebedushka", "Zaliv" and others;

- "Fondant" or sweets with fondant filling, obtained from milk, molasses, cream, sugar, fruit fillers and other components: "Mia", "Rakhat", "Spanish Night" and others;

- truffles - elite chocolate sweets of round shape, filled with a special French cream - ganache. It is made of butter, cream, chocolate and various flavorings. The outer surface can be covered with crushed or ground nuts, waffle crumbs or cocoa powder.

Chocolate stories

Favorite chocolate candy many have appeared thanks to the famous seafarer - Hernando Cortes, who discovered the American continent. It was he and his associates who brought cocoa beans to Europe and introduced Europeans to chocolate. Monk Benzoni promoted the fact that the chocolate candy was regularly used to maintain the health of the Spanish monarch, and after him and his courtiers. Later, the fashion for chocolate sweets spread to other countries, where influential people used them as a medicine. Up to the XVII century, only the confectioners of Spain made chocolate and sweets from it, and sent sweets to many royal courts. Over time, the secret of making chocolate sweets became known to other countries, but until the end of the XVII century they were made only by hand.

How did sweets appear in Russia?

The first confectionery factory for the production of chocolates was opened in the late 17th century by the French confectioner David Shelley. Until the XIX century in Russia there was no own candy production, and the delicacy was brought from abroad, or cooked special chefs in the kitchens in the homes of wealthy nobles. The first Russian confectionery was opened in St. Petersburg only in the middle of the XIX century.

As before called candy?

As already mentioned, until the XIX century, sweets were either imported into our country from abroad, or produced at home in the estates and palaces of nobles. For the candies produced at home, the names were descriptive, taking into account the form, the method of preparation, the quantities used fruits and fruits. In the book "The New Perfect Russian Confectioner, or a Detailed Confectionary Dictionary," published at the end of the 18th century in St. Petersburg, there are such funny names for us as candy cakes and Green Apricots in caramel, Jasmine candies and Aniseed sugar snacks, Cherry marzipans And Apricots in lollipops.

Industrial names

The opening of the first Russian confectionery factory led to the fact that at the beginning of the XX century many different kinds of sweets appeared. At first, French recipes and names of sweets prevailed, the list of which was not very large:

• "Baton de Gralie";
• "Finschampan";
• "Cream deskin";
• "Boule de Gom";
• Cream de Nuasone;
• "Maron Praline" and others.

Over time, the French name of chocolate sweets began to be translated into Russian, and "Cream Venus", "Cat's tongue", "Maiden's skin", "Salon" appeared on the market in accordance with Russian grammar. Nevertheless, in some cases bilingual names of sweets were used, for example, "Pierced with pearls, or Coriander pearl". Russian confectioners are new, created by themselves sweets, called already in Russian and often used names related to the images of the fair sex: "Sophie", "Marianne", "Merry Widow", "Fisherman", "Marsala." Cognitive series, for example "Riddle", were also released. On the candy wrapper of such candies there was a simple riddle. Before the revolutionary events of 1917, chocolate series "Sport", "Geographical Atlas", "Peoples of Siberia" and others were produced.

Soviet sweets

Up to the October coup in 1917, you could buy a caramel "Tsar's Raspberry" or "Tsar Fyodor Mikhailovich". After him, the names of sweets changed dramatically. Caramels "Peasant" and "Krasnoarmeiskaya", "Sickle and Hammer" and "Our Industry" appeared on sale. However, the chocolates in their majority retain the French names: "Dernier Cree", "Miniatures", "Chartreuse", "Bergamot", "Pepperment" and others. Neutral names such as "Squirrels", "Sorbents" and "Bunnies" were not subjected to ideological rethinking. The Soviet names for new candies reflected current events and achievements. So in the 30s of the last century were produced: "Fight for technique", "Be ready", "Sabantuy", "Milkmaid", "Chelyuskintsy", "Heroes of the Arctic", "Winner of the Ice".

The conquest of man by the cosmos in the 60s of the XX century was reflected in the appearance of the "Space" and "Cosmos" sweets. Approximately at the same time it became popular to introduce the names of fairytale and literary characters into the names of chocolate candies: "Snow Maiden", "La Bayadere", "Blue Bird", "Sadko", "Little Red Riding Hood" and others.