The Yusupov Palace in Moscow: address, photo

The Yusupov Palace in Moscow is one of the oldest civil buildings. The erection of the building is attributed to the XVII century or the beginning of the XVIII, although dating is still being questioned. The ancient chamber of the Yusupovs is a real architectural miracle, famous for the Great Charitonyevsky lane near Chistye Prudy, which is familiar to all Muscovites. By its length and number of remarkable structures, the lane can give odds to many streets.

The Yusupov Palace in Moscow (photo in the article represents the architecture of the building) is a real landmark of the capital. The structure is considered one of the largest objects of cultural heritage.

For those who are interested in where the palace of Yusupov is located in Moscow - address: Central Administrative District, Basmanny borough, B. Kharitonievsky per., 21, p. 4.

The end of the XVII century is considered the most likely date of construction. At that time, a complex of two-story buildings was built, decorated in the Moscow Baroque style. Probably, there was also a third wooden floor, which was residential. The structure was a ceremonial vaulted room on the basement. At the beginning of the XVIII century. To the northeast corner of the palace was added the so-called dining room with a characteristic wide passage. Under Peter I the whole Myasnitskaya street was turned into a main road for the royal departure. In the district began to settle in the neighborhood.

Palace Volkov-Yusupov in Moscow: the first owners

The first one, who is known for certain as the owner of the palace in B. Kharitonievsky, was one of the companions of Peter I, the vice-chancellor, the chevalier of the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called, a well-known diplomat PP Shafirov. Historians believe that it was Shafirov that built the earliest parts of the complex that makes up the future Yusupov Palace in Moscow.

Having made a successful career, in 1723 the official fell out of favor with the emperor. He was sentenced to death, which at the last moment was replaced by a reference to Siberia. The former diplomat was deprived of titles, ranks, all property.

Pyotr Andreevich Tolstoy

The structure in Kharitonyevsky Lane (the future Yusupov Palace in Moscow) was transferred to Count PA Tolstoy. The head of the Secret Chancellery at that time was horrifying at his contemporaries. His descendants are the famous Tolstoy writers - Alexei Konstantinovich and Lev Nikolaevich. As a result of his participation in the palace intrigue against Menshikov, Peter Andreevich was exiled to Solovki.

Trusted the lucid prince Ober-Secretary A. Ya. Volkov

The next, in whose possession was the Yusupov Palace in Moscow, was the closest associate of the "lightest prince" A. Ya. Volkov. Judging by the nature of the duties assigned to him, which in most cases were very delicate, Volkov was one of his most trusted servants. After the overthrow of the nobility, Volkov was deprived of the rank of general, and also of the palace in Kharitonyevsky lane.

Curse of the Gens

The property was transferred to the treasury, and in 1727 it was granted to Prince GD Yusupov, a representative of one of the noblest noble families of Russia, whose history dates back to the Muslim Middle Ages.

Historians believe that his founder was Yusuf-Murza - the khan of the great Nogai Horde, which was a fear to Russia. In 1563, his son Il-Murza arrived in Moscow, who managed to excel in the service of the tsar. At the time of the reign of Fedor Ivanovich, the grandson of Il-Murza, Abdull, ignorantly fed the goose flesh of Patriarch Joachim, who, having learned about deception, was in terrible anger. To escape from opals and ruin, Abdul-Murza decided to accept Orthodoxy. He was granted the forgiveness of the sovereign, the title of Prince and the name of Dmitry Yusupov. But according to the family legend, the same night, the Prophet Muhammad himself appeared to him in a dream, who cursed the whole family of Yusupov for apostasy. Henceforth in each of his generation only one man was destined to live up to the age of 26 years.

The new owner, Boris Yusupov

Boris Grigoryevich was Governor-General of Moscow, and also served as Director of the Shlyachta Cadet Corps. Thanks to him, Empress Elizabeth in 1756 signed a decree on the creation of the first public theater in St. Petersburg.

In the 1770s, the Yusupovs' possessions were expanded: on the western side, together with the stone house, the acquired neighboring Izmaylov estate was added to the site.

The legendary wealth of the Yusupov family

The beginning of the legendary riches, which were stored in the ancient chambers of Kharitonievsky lane, was laid even under the first owners. About the Yusupovs it is known that they all over Russia owned a lot of palaces, houses and estates. The number of serfs owned by them was estimated at tens of thousands, the land numbered hundreds of thousands of acres. The Yusupov Chambers in St. Petersburg, by analogy, also began to be called a palace.

At the turn of the XVIII and XIX centuries. To their possessions was joined by the house of the merchant Chiriev (residential, one-storeyed). Now in Kharitonyevsky lane Yusupov belonged to three whole houses. In those days, the owner of the site was the most famous of the Yusupovs - Nikolai Borisovich, minister of the department of affairs, senator, real secret adviser, member of the State Council, first director of the Hermitage. The nobleman, who was known as the most enlightened man of his time and a talented politician, spent most of his life abroad.

The famous lodger

Part of the buildings of the palace complex Nikolai Borisovich rented. In 1801, the middle house, together with all the economic services, was filmed by the father of the great poet Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, Sergei Lvovich. By this time, near the house there already existed an orchard in which little Pushkin was walking with his nanny. Later, he transferred his childhood impressions to the poem "Ruslan and Lyudmila." Although the future poet could only live in the house for three years, Kharitonievsky lane is immortalized in his work. An unpretentious one-story wooden house on the corner of the alley, according to one of the metropolitan legends, is mentioned in the seventh chapter of the famous "Eugene Onegin". It is called "the house of Tatiana" or "Larinsky".

In the crucible of war

At the beginning of the XIX century. The house where the parents of the great Russian poet lived, passed into the possession of Prince AI Vyazemsky. It is known that the palace was badly damaged in the fire of 1812. Inside, almost nothing was saved. After the expulsion of the French from France, the chambers were repaired, the former decoration was restored. During the rebuilding in the middle of the XIX century the house acquired in the plan a U-shape.

The last of the kind of owners

Boris Nikolayevich Yusupov (the next owner) was the ceremonial master of Emperor Nicholas I, a real secret adviser. He lived mainly in St. Petersburg and visited Moscow only in passing.

But in the 1860s the life in the palace of the Yusupovs was really scored. The chambers were re-renovated when Yusupov, Jr., Prince Nikolai Borisovich, became the owner of the house, who bought a house from the above-mentioned advisor to Plemyannikov, who was once the home of the Pushkin family. The Chambermaster of the Imperial Court Yusupov was known as a great connoisseur of music, a talented performer and writer.

Unfortunately, this outstanding man was the last of the representatives of the male line of the ancient noble family of the Yusupovs. Princess Zinaida Nikolaevna, his only daughter, heiress of a huge fortune, became the wife of Count F. F. Sumarokov-Elston, great-grandson of MI Kutuzov, whom Emperor Alexander III, at the request of Nikolai Borisovich, was allowed to be called Prince Yusupov.

Large-scale restoration

The old prince Yusupov spared no effort in giving the palaces in Kharitonievsky palace magnificence. At the end of XIX century. Began its large-scale restoration, during which they rebuilt the western part of the chambers, changed the stylized facade for the 17th century, and redeveloped the premises. Then the third floor was added to the chambers. The roof decoration was also restored, which is a high cover with stone fumes and weather vanes. In the windows were inserted glass - imitation mica windows in the XVII century.

"Byzantine" luxury

The receptions that were arranged in the Yusupov Palace impressed the guests with its splendor, called many Byzantine ones. The hosts were allowed to inspect the luxurious interiors of the palace to all comers. Especially struck by its rich decoration and dimensions is the throne room, the domed ceiling of which was painted with zodiacal constellations, and the walls are decorated with images of a dragon, a fairy bird of Syrin and paradise flowers. Three bronze openwork doors led to the hall. In the fashion of that time there was also a Chinese room with birds, dragons, stylized lanterns and a characteristic ornament.

In the portrait there were images of all the representatives of the Yusupov family. In the emblem room were placed medallions with coats of arms. This room was decorated with a luxurious crystal chandelier, Venetian mirrors in heavy carved frames and antique furniture. The palace contained a rich collection of works of art.

In the time of Princess Yusupova

Zinaida Nikolaevna, famous for her beauty, wealth and hospitality, was one of the most famous patrons of Russia. Her funds in Moscow and other cities built churches, schools and many charitable institutions.

In 1908, shortly before her twenty years of age, her son Nikolai Feliksovich died in a duel. A kindred curse came true. Felix Feliksovich, the only continuer of the family and heir of all wealth, became a participant in the murder of Rasputin, at that time one of the key figures that influenced the course of history. Until now, the secret of his death remains one of the unsolved mysteries.

Nationalization

After the revolution, F. Yusupov and his family went to Europe. Their property was nationalized. It is known that the Bolsheviks tortured the butler to find out where the treasure was hidden by the prince, but the mystery was not so revealed.

Since 1928 the Yusupov Palace has become a place where various Soviet institutions were located.

Transformations

In the 1940s, the archway under the dining room was laid. This turned out to be distorted the whole appearance of the building. In the time of the Soviet Union, the architectural monument was not restored. By 1990, Yusupov's palace in Moscow was already extremely dilapidated.

In 1999, partially restored the facade, the roof and wrought-iron lattice were also repaired.

Our days

In the 2000s, a large-scale repair and restoration work began: the destroyed northern facade (the construction of the 19th century) was restored, the outer walls in the archway were dismantled. It was glazed with stained glass windows, and strengthened the roof. In accordance with historical materials, the northern and southern porches were restored, parquet and stone floors on the floors, historical painting of the facades and murals. After the restoration, the doors to the Yusupov Palace in Moscow were opened for all visitors. The excursion to the famous chambers was interesting and desirable for many who wanted to see this unique beauty personally. Thanks to the efforts of the Committee for the Cultural Heritage of the capital, the present revival of the unique architectural monument took place.

In connection with the next repair and restoration work, the Yusupov Palace in Moscow is again inaccessible for inspection. When it opens a tourist attraction for visitors, many people are interested. According to experts, it is possible that on a mass basis visits will not be renewed.