The water cycle in nature

The biosphere of the planet is represented in the form of an organized shell of the earth's crust. Its boundaries, mainly, are conditioned by the field of existence of life. The shell material has a heterogeneous physicochemical composition. The living, biogenic, inert, biocosic, radioactive substance, the substance of cosmic nature, the scattered atoms - this is what the biosphere consists of. The main difference of this shell in its high organization.

The world water cycle is caused by the energy of the Sun. Its rays hit the earth's surface, transferring their H2O energy, heating it, and turning it into steam. Theoretically, taking into account the average evaporation rate per hour, over the thousand years in the form of steam, the entire World Ocean can visit.

Natural mechanisms form large volumes of atmospheric fluid, transfer them to sufficiently large distances and return to the planet in the form of precipitation. Precipitation falling on the Earth, fall into the river. They flow into the World Ocean.

Distinguish the water cycle is small and big. Small is due to precipitation in the World Ocean. A large water cycle is associated with precipitation on land.

Every year, about one hundred thousand cubic meters of moisture is spilled onto the ground. Due to it, lakes, rivers, seas are replenished, moisture also penetrates into the rocks. A certain proportion of these waters evaporates, some are returned to the oceans and seas. Some use living organisms and plants for growth and nutrition.

The water cycle promotes the moistening of artificial and natural terrestrial ecosystems. The closer the area is to the ocean, the more rain falls. From the land, moisture constantly returns to the ocean. A certain volume evaporates, especially in forest areas. Part of the moisture is collected in rivers.

The water cycle requires a considerable amount of energy. The whole process consumes about a third of the total amount received from the sun. Before the development of civilization, the water cycle was balanced: the same amount of water as the evaporated into the ocean. With the same climate, there would be no shallowing of rivers and lakes.

With the development of civilization, the water cycle began to be violated. Watering crops helped increase evaporation. In the southern regions there was a significant shallowing of rivers. So, during the last thirty years the Amu Darya and Syr Darya brought very little water to the Aral Sea, as a result, the water level in it also significantly decreased. Along with this, the appearance of an oil film on the surface of the World Ocean reduced the volatility.

All these factors negatively affect the state of the biosphere. Not only the southern regions are affected. Serious changes are noted in the northern regions. More often, droughts are occurring recently, foci of ecological catastrophes are formed. So, for example, in the Western Europe during the last three or four last years in the summer was very hot weather. Although in the past the climate in these areas was very mild. As a result of too much temperature increase, forest fires often began to occur.