The terms football and their meaning. Football terms in English with translation into Russian. Dictionary of football terms

For centuries, football is gaining popularity, attracting fans, waiting for "bread and circuses." A football match is an important event in the life of any city: crowds of fans gather, the public transport schedule is adjusted, additional outfits are given out, there is a massive absence of employees in the workplace due to taken holidays or compensatory holidays for the time of the match of the favorite team.

History of occurrence

Ritual actions, which are the kicking of a ball or other ball-shaped object, have long been common throughout the world. In China, for example, something similar was distributed as a training program for warriors, the game was called "tsuju". Scientists translate the name as "pushing feet."

One of the likely countries, the progenitors of this sport is Italy. It was there that for the first time a game appeared, known as the "Florentine Calco", in which the roles of team members were provided. In those days, and began to appear for the first time game terms. Football fans already broke the shouts of the rostrum.

The twelfth century dates records of football in Britain on all sorts of holidays and festivities. However, it is worth mentioning the lack of rules of the game as such in those days, which provoked massive bloodshed both among the players and among the fans. This led to the prohibition of this kind of amusements by means of state decrees.

For the first time in history, the Oxford and Cambridge football teams defined a single set of rules and regulated various terms. Until then, football teams were satisfied with their own rules. In the end, these actions led to confusion in the rules, because how many teams there were, so many rules of the game.

In 1846 the first set of rules was officially documented at a meeting of representatives of various schools. Terms, football rules and the roles of the participants represented in this collection were taken as the basis for the rules of the English Football Association. As a result, the situation was normal, because the teams relied on a single set of rules.

Terminology

Football terms and their meaning have undergone a significant number of changes in various editions, before finally becoming entrenched in the modern version. In modern football, you can find the following terms:

• Own goal - the ball scored in the gates of its own team. Initially, it was believed that if the ball touched the player of his team (before the ball hit the net), an own goal was scored. However, over time, this notion was amended. In modern football, an own goal is scored if the player intentionally kicked the ball into his own goal. In the opposite case, the goal is scored for the attacker of the opposing team, who hit the ball.
• The author of the goal is a term that has settled not so much among players or fans, as many journalists who cover football news. The meaning of the phrase is understandable intuitively.
• Anti-football - usually this word denotes a hard game with a clear violation of the rules, accompanied by numerous beatings, footsteps (usually disguised as a standard "tackle"), as well as deliberate boorish handling of judges and rivals. The term came into circulation through the development of professional football, which gave rise to such a typical phenomenon for the modern era, as the reselling of a player to another team, and sometimes to another country. This led to the fact that individual teams of specific football clubs exceeded their professionalism national team, which pushed the idea of football as a competition to the background, and at first put forward the idea of commercial profit. Such football matches attracted a lot of spectators and promised colossal fees to both players and club owners. As a consequence, the players sought to wrest victory at any cost and did not hesitate to use explicitly prohibited methods. A noisy event, thanks to which the term densely entered into circulation, was a match between the teams of Buenos Aires and Glasgow in 1967, during which the fist pains in the third round of the match did not stop. Teams fought for the intercontinental cup. In the fight for a large fee, players were not shy to break the rules, because the referee had to remove six players from the field by the end of the match: four from Glasgow and two from Buenos Aires.
• The referee is an ordinary referee on the football field, who follows the execution of the rules of the game and assigns punishment for non-observance of those.
• Attack - move the player to the goal of the opponent in order to score a goal.
• Bank - this term is called a bench for spare.
• Biciclet (from Portuguese bicicleta) is another name for "kick with scissors", when a football player sends the ball with a blow through himself in the fall. Translation of football terms from one language to another is a common phenomenon, but football commentators prefer to use the phrase "kick with scissors" for simplicity of perception of information by the viewer.
• A quick goal is considered to be a goal if the ball was in the opponent's goal before the nineteenth minute of the match, inclusive.
• Air duel - the emergence of the term is due to the established tradition of football players to fight for the ball not only on the ground, but also in the air. It's about trying to beat the flying ball head. Often, the high growth of the player plays a big role in the air duel, but there are cases when the ball went to players who have low growth and who can jump high. This was a footballer from Italy Filippo Inzaghi. A lot of balls into the opponent's gate he sent precisely his head, winning an air duel.
• Goalkeeper (from the English goal - keep, keep) - this term in modern football is called the goalkeeper.

• Dirty game - all kinds of actions of players on the field, not reaching for violations of rules, but spoiling the game. These include: obscene cries to the opponent, simulation of injuries, attempts to prevent the execution of a penalty kick, deliberate delaying the time. Very often, players resort to a dirty game because of a lack of professionalism. In order to delay the time (in order to keep the score), players intentionally portray getting injured, swear with the judges, allow themselves to loudly hail the opponent to confuse him or deliberately inflame the discontent of the fans in the stands, wishing to turn the situation in their favor. The case with the defender of the USSR national team is well-known. At the Olympics in Melbourne, Nikolai Tishchenko played almost the entire second half of the meeting and an extra time with a broken collarbone. Examples of such feats of the history of football know a lot.

• Derby - this term was dubbed a small-scale match, which is, rather, of a fundamental nature, rather than professional. For example, between the teams of one city or one district.
• Joker is a player from the bench, able to reverse the course of the game in favor of his team.
• Legionnaire - this word is called a football club player who does not have the citizenship of the country, in which he takes part in the national championship.
• Infirmary - the so-called players who were injured during the match.
• Dead ball - so threatening the term is called the ball, flying very fast and, as a rule, to the junction of the upper crossbar of the gate and the bar. Such a ball is extremely difficult to beat. About the goalkeeper who managed to prevent a goal, they say "took the dead ball," that is, prevented the inevitable goal.
• Draw - the result of a meeting of teams, which ended in the absence of a winner. As a rule, with an equal account.
• A rebound is a victory or a draw, got only by accident.
• Sharp pass - transfer of the ball during the game from one player to another in such a way that the player who receives the ball is in a very convenient position to strike at the opponent's goal.
• Replay is a newly assigned team meeting. The result of the previous game is reset. It is extremely rare, because the decision to cancel a match is usually made because of circumstances beyond the control of the organizers and teams. For example, suddenly deteriorated weather conditions.

English football terms

In English, with translation into Russian and other languages are often encountered due to the high range of distribution of this sport.

Some of them are so familiar to a Russian person that one does not even have to think about their origin.

• Out (from the English out - "out"). What does the football term "out" mean, anyone who has encountered football in any way, in general, knows. Exit the ball for a streak that limits the football field. If this situation occurs, the match will stop until the ball is returned to the game again. To do this, you need to throw a ball by one of the opponents of the opposing team with your hands from behind your head. Usually, the team always has a player specially selected for this action, because throwing the ball with your hands (especially if it is on the opponent's side) can start a successful combination of passing the ball with the foot or head, which will make a good goal. Very often cases when after throwing the ball with his hands a goal was made in one touch.
• Pass - transfer the ball from one team player to another to play the combination or during the move to the opponent's goal. There are three types: simple (it involves rolling the ball from one player to another in the process of moving to the goal of the opposing team), hinged (when the player sends the ball through the air to the player of his team) and pass counter (the case when the player "shoots" the ball into a free Zone, often between the players of the opponent, and the passing player of his team picks it up and moves to the opponent's goal).
• Penalty (penalty - penalty, penalty) - kick at the gate from a distance of eleven meters, appointed by the referee for violation of the rules of the game team in his own penalty area (a field in front of the gate). This penalty kick is carried out by one player, he is prevented only by the goalkeeper of the opposing team. The remaining players are outside the penalty area. If a penalty is awarded at the end of the match, additional time is allocated. The best penalist in the history of Russian football is Glazkov Georgy Fyodorovich, who played in Moscow's Spartak between 1935 and 1947 (excluding 1945).
• Forward (from English forward - "forward") - forward.

In English-speaking countries, the word "dispossessed" is also used - a football term denoting the selection of a ball by a rival without power contact. The Russian glossary of terms treats this action as an interception.

There are numerous football terms in English, with a translation into Russian meaning which varies depending on the sport. For example, the term shot (shot) means "blow" if it refers to football. If we are talking about basketball, the term is already turning into a "block-shot" (English blocked shot).

Another example is the phrase "general manager", which translates as "main manager" when it comes to basketball or hockey. However, in the case of football, it is translated into Russian as a "senior coach". If the manager's functions imply some organizational activity, then the duties of the coach are reduced solely to the preparation of the team and the coordination of the players' actions on the field.

Italian soccer terms

In Italian there are many phrases related to football. Most of the words already have analogues in English and are used exclusively in the territory of Italian speaking countries and serve only as a translation of international concepts into the viewer's language. A few words came from the Italian language.

• Cattenacio, or catenaccio (from Italian catenaccio - "bolt", "bolt") is a tactical maneuver in which a defensive defense is created at the gate of the team, and the player closest to the gate acts as a cleaner. Tactics first glorified the Italian team in 1982, beating the world championship. Maneuver is that the team scores a goal to the opponent, then rebuilds into the catenaccio, leaving for a defense, keeps the leading score.
• Libero (liberou - "free") - a cleaner who hedges his teammates during the execution of the catenaccio tactics.
• Lateral (laterale - "side") - the defender, who is on the edge, is able to actively support the attack and defend his edge of the field.
• Fint (finta - "pretense, deceit, fiction") - a fraudulent trick or movement, executed by the player in order to confuse the enemy and knock out the initiative.
• Final (finale - "end, conclusion, ending") - the final match of the teams.

Germanisms in terminology

Football terms in German took far from the last place. There are not many terms, but they are widely known. And their German origin is often surprising.

• Bombardier (German Bombardier) - the most effective attacking player of the team. The word came in a great sport of artillery, where it meant firing heavy weapons at enemy positions (bombardment). There are about ten Soviet footballers who bombarded the opponent's gate with a hundred or more goals for many matches during the USSR championships. The record-holder is Alexander Semenovich Ponomaryov, who scored twenty-three goals per season.
• The bar (German Die Stange) - so it is customary to call the goal post.

Conversational football terms in German are difficult to perceive for the Russian ear, but in case of pastime there are separate sites in the company of the Germans offering the translation of terms.

• Fußballspieler - this term denotes an ordinary player of the team, that is, a football player.
• Torwart is the goalkeeper. Tor - translates as "gate", wart - short for warter - "watchman, guard".

Spanish terms

The Spaniards are big fans of this sport and are happy to postpone all important matters for the sake of the opportunity to cheer for their favorite team in front of the TV screen or at the football stadium. However, the dictionary containing football terms in Spanish is very meager. There is only the word "Mundial". The term "World Football Championship" is the main international competition in this sport.

Nevertheless, if there is a great desire to spend time with a company of Spaniards for a cup of alcohol and watching a football match, on the Internet you can find a huge number of articles that allow you to learn Spanish and football terms.

• El penal - this phrase indicates a penalty, a free kick from a distance of 11 meters;
• El arco - it is not difficult to guess that the gate is meant because of the similarity with the word "arch";
• El papanata - these convoluted terms are used by especially emotional Spaniards during the viewing of the match, it is not difficult to guess the meaning, as this word is shouted at the address of unsuccessful players or during the failed heads;
• Cual es el resultado? - and so the Spanish spectator is interested in what the bill is.

Russian-language terms

Football was widely spread and developed in Russia. It should be noted a number of terms that have an interesting history of origin.

• Replacement is an event on the field, when a new player enters the place of the injured player, unable to continue the match. For a long time, the International Football Association did not approve the replacement of players during the match. However, domestic championships of different countries not only practiced replacement, but also urged her to legalize. What happened in the end in 1960.
• Note - indicating to the player the violation of the rules. The rules do not provide for, however, in practice, the effectiveness of observations is established to maintain order on the field. Usually a few comments already lead to a stoppage of the game and pour out into a warning in the form of a yellow card.
• Defender - a player whose duties include defense of approaches to the gates of the team. This term completely ousted its foreign counterpart "back" from the Russian football in the early thirties, adding to the Soviet dictionary of football terms. In addition to the duties of stopping the attacking opponent, the function also includes the ability to go light-fast from defense to offensive, help his team to speed up the attack and score the ball into the opponent's goal. Almost sixty years, the gates were guarded by two defenders, then new tactics appeared, three became defenders, and after about a quarter of a century their number increased to four. In modern football, the two extreme (right and left) and two central.

There are also various football terms in Russian with translation into English. For example, terms such as "defender", "free defender" or "sweeper" are synonymous with the same term sweeper in English.

The words "goalkeeper" and "goalkeeper" are likewise not symbols of different players, but are synonyms. In English - goalkeeper.

Rappan's Castle

Football terms and their meaning vary depending on the country and the sports club. On some it is necessary to stop separately. For example, "Rappana Castle".

The dictionary of football terms describes that the tactical maneuver, which received such a name, was first used by Austrian coach Karl Rappan. The principle of technology consisted in aligning the attack at once four forwards, which were joined by one or two players in the development of the attack.

According to Rappan's plan, the tactic was universal for both defense and attack. On the effectiveness of tactics speak brilliant victories in the Swiss championship in 1933 and 1934. Since 1935, Karl Rappan is known as the outstanding coach of the Swiss club "Grasshoppers", for thirteen years the club has five times won first place in the championship of Switzerland.

Outside of Switzerland, the "Rappana Castle" became famous for its victories over the teams of Germany, France and England in 1934 and 1935. Since then, this concept refers to terms of an international character.

Gradually, the tactics of the "castle of Rappan" were used by other football teams, and in 1938, emigrated to Brazil, Dory Kirchner taught the maneuver of South American football players. It is believed that the "Rappana Castle" is the source of the modern Brazilian system.

Vision of a football player

Separate mention deserves such an important factor, as vision in football. The term "vision of a football player" implies the ability to quickly assess the situation on the field and react lightly to it.

Scientists who conducted visual studies in people involved in various sports, found that players are able to cover the view of a much larger space than the rest. This is due to the constant training of the eyes: a ball moving rapidly across the field requires constant concentration of attention, and the situation in the game leads to the fact that the pupils are often in motion.

Consequently, football contributes to the improvement of vision and develops the ability to embrace the view of a large space.

The history of football knows and athletes with poor eyesight. Dutch player Edgar Davids got a right eye injury in 1995. Davids was kept in big sport by specially made glasses, which eventually became an integral part of the image of this player. Thanks to them, Davids repeatedly became the champion of Italy in the "Juventus". And one of the firms specializing in optics, signed a multi-million dollar advertising contract with the player.

Conclusion

On football and terms, you can talk forever, because this sport is very firmly established in the life of modern society. The terms football obsolete over time and leave the everyday life, they are replaced by others. Some terms manage to remain permanently in their places, then they are so tightly embedded in human memory that the fan does not even think about the origin of the word, considering the term as an integral part of the national language.

It is thanks to this that many terms have survived for almost a century and have reached our days in their original form.

However, everything is peculiar to change - both the sport itself, and rules and terms. Perhaps, tomorrow a number of amendments will abolish any aspect in football (or toughen), and with the usual fan terms will have to say goodbye, the most famous football terms will go away, and in their place will be new definitions. Or the place will remain empty, and words will only have to be remembered.

In any case, football will not cease to attract the attention of fans of different countries of the world, since long time ago and to this day it is one of the most spectacular events.