The Temple of Antipas of Pergamon at the Kolymazhny Dvor: service schedule, address

In the heart of the capital is an old church, well known to Muscovites as the temple of Antipas of Pergamon in the Kolymazhniy yard. For many years, it housed first art courses, then a library, and only in the years that followed the changes brought into our lives by perestroika, it again opened the doors to the parishioners. About her is our short essay.

Church near the sovereign stables

During the reign of Ivan the Terrible to the north-west of the Kremlin were the royal stables. From ancient times this place was called Chertolya, and in subsequent years it was called the Kolymazhny Dvor, although the sovereign carriages hardly looked like carts. It is known that for the first time it is mentioned in historical documents dating from 1365.

Since nothing was done in those years without Heavenly protection, two churches were built there - in the name of the Conception of John the Baptist and in honor of the Holy Great Martyr Antipias of Pergamon. The first has not been preserved to our days (dismantled in the XVIII century), and the second one still stands, reminding Muscovites of the days of the past past.

In the beginning, the church of Antipas of Pergamon at the Kolymazhniy yard was wooden, as evidenced by a record made in 1530. But after the stables with horses appeared on his western side in 1547, on which the sovereign himself traveled (joke!), It was rebuilt, and the walls were built of stone. The main throne, and she was a two-table, was consecrated, as before, in the name of the faithful disciple John the Theologian, Bishop of Pergamon's Church of Antipia, who died a martyr's death. His memory to this day is celebrated by the Orthodox Church on April 24.

One of the favorite churches of Ivan the Terrible

According to tradition, in this church, Tsar Ivan the Terrible married with one of his wives, only when and with which one it is not clear, on this account there are different opinions. Despite the fact that the church charter allows no more than four marriages, the loving sovereign contrived to do this seven times - the kings because the law is not written. However, it is possible that the last three wives were not married to him.

The temple of Antipas of Pergamum at the Kolymazhniy Dvor was not accidentally taken into consideration by the terrible tsar - the holy Great Martyr Antipas he considered one of his heavenly patrons, and among his most revered family relics he kept his tooth trimmed in silver.

Shrine of Skuratov

It is also known that the church near the royal stables became the family burial vault of the genus Skuratov, one of whom - Malyuta, who was the head of the oprichniki of Ivan the Terrible - entered the history of Russia almost as the most bloodthirsty villain of the past centuries. By the way, there are reasons to believe that he took an active (financial, of course) participation in the construction of the church itself and was buried in it after his death in 1573.

After in 1565 the territory on which the Chertolye was located was given to Oprichnina, and all who lived on it were evicted, the houses of the royal princes began to be built there. Among them was the manor of the tsar mentioned in the documents of 1638 Petr Skuratov, one of the relatives of Malyuta. She was close to the church fence.

Aristocrats - parishioners of the temple

When in 1737 in Moscow one of the most terrible fires in its history broke out, the temple of Antipa of Pergamon in the Kolymazhny yard became a fire victim, like most of the city's buildings. Its restoration for various reasons was delayed and was completed in 1741. Thanks to the generous financial assistance of Prince SA Galitsin, it was possible to completely rebuild the limit of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, and later add one more - in honor of the Great Martyr Catherine. For many years among the parishioners of the church there were representatives of the loudest aristocratic surnames, and at the beginning of the XX century one of them became a remarkable Russian artist Valentin Serov.

End of the Kolymazhnyh stables

In 1830, the court stable at the Kolymazhny Court was abolished. The buildings themselves - still strong enough - were used at first as an arena for training in horse riding, and then a transit prison was located in them, known mainly because at one time the Polish revolutionary Yaroslav Dombrovsky fled safely out of it.

By the beginning of the 20th century, the convicts were transferred to Butyrka, and the building itself was destroyed. In 1912, the Museum of Fine Arts was solemnly opened on the vacated site, which in 1937 was given the name of Alexander Pushkin. Its founder was a professor at the Moscow University, Ivan Vladimirovich Tsvetaev, the father of the most famous Russian poetess Marina Tsvetaeva.

Courses of proletarian artists

After the October coup, the Antipa Temple in the Kolymazhny Court remained open for several years. It is known that in 1922 the future Russian New Martyr Ilya Gromoglasov was ordained a deacon in the city, a few months after that he was shot on charges of organizing resistance to the confiscation of church values.

The temple of the Holy Martyr Antipas was closed in the Kolymazhny Dvor in 1929. Its building was originally planned to be used for placing library collections in it, but then it was decided to transfer it to the courses that trained the so-called "artists of the revolution", called with a brush and chisel to celebrate the great accomplishments of the victorious people.

Enlightened barbarians

Despite the fact that in time the main dome and one of the limits were dismantled, the Antipa temple in the Kolymazhniy yard still suffered the worst fate - it could have been completely destroyed, as it was done with thousands of churches and monasteries throughout Russia. But, nevertheless, the creative workers, in charge of which the church was transferred, treated her in a barbarous way.

From the description compiled in 1966, it is clear that the building acquired by this time an abandoned and untidy appearance. The roof on the bell tower was missing, and pieces of rotten carpet dangled from the walls. In the preserved domes until that time, holes were gaping, and everywhere there were traces of crumbling plaster. At the same time, in part the church of Antipas of Pergamon at the Kolymazhny yard was used as housing for artists-singers of a new life, and in the rest of its part the warehouse was located.

Revival of the former shrine

The restoration of the church went gradually, beginning in 1968 - long before the state began to return the church seized property on the wave of perestroika. However, the restoration work of those years touched only the facade of the building, since it housed the library of the Museum of Fine Arts.

Today the church of Antipas of Pergamon at the Kolymazhny Dvor, whose address: Moscow, Kolymazhsky per., 8/4, page 1, has become one of the numerous parishes of the capital. It was transferred to the ownership of the Orthodox Church in 2005, but long before that, a community was formed with him, which was headed by Protopriest Vladimir (Volgin).

The Antipas Temple in the Kolymazhniy Dvor: Schedule of Services

Already in 2016, Father Andrew (Schennikov) was appointed priest of the church. Under his leadership, the church of Antipas of Pergamon unfurled its religious life in the Kolymazhny court. The schedule of the services held in it is as follows: on weekdays morning services start at 8:00, and at 17:00 on the evening. On holidays and weekends at 9:40 a late Liturgy is added to them. All changes to the schedule are reported in advance on the websites belonging to the temple.