The structure of the human brain

Not only the specialist doctor, but also every educated person is useful to know the basic information about the structure of the brain. The brain, its properties and life activity in many ways remain a mystery for modern science. A huge section in medicine is devoted to the study of the brain.

Divisions of the brain

For beginners to study the structure of the brain it is necessary to know that there are five basic divisions: middle, oblong, posterior, intermediate, terminal. The structure of the midbrain, posterior and oblong has many features of similarity to the spinal cord. These departments have nerves for communication with internal organs, muscles, skin and are united by the common scientific term "stem part of the brain". This part is also often referred to as the intermediate brain.

The device of the terminal brain, and in particular of its hemispheres, has significant differences from the sections of the trunk portion. The accumulation of nerve cells reaches here the number 109. This colossal number of neurons is located in several layers. Evolved as a result of labor and speech, the human final brain is the most developed among all existing on the planet. Brain hemispheres - is, in fact, a material substrate that determines higher nervous activity.

Shells of the brain

Studying the structure of the brain, you can not miss out on its shell. The brain, like the spinal cord, is surrounded by 3 shells: inner, middle and outer.

The inner membrane (soft) is immediately adjacent to the brain and exactly repeats its relief. In the ventricles of the brain there are plexuses of blood vessels that produce a protective cerebrospinal fluid.

The middle shell (arachnoid), does not have a groove in the furrows, but flips between the convolutions, forming spaces (cisterns) in which the cerebrospinal fluid circulates.

The outer shell (solid) has special processes (outgrowths), which are located between parts of the brain and protect it from a concussion. The most significant are the crescent of the cerebral cortex, connected with the longitudinal groove between the hemispheres, and, in addition to it, the hamlet of the cerebellum separating the cerebellum and hemispheres. In the outer shell there are sinuses (special channels, through which an outflow of venous blood occurs). The main sinuses are sagittal (lower and upper), transverse (right and left), sigmoid (right and left) and straight sine. The function of the blood supply to the brain is carried out by the internal vertebral and carotid arteries. They also formed the arterial circle, which is located at the base of the brain.

Appointment of the cerebral cortex

Studying the human brain, structure and functions, we observe that these or those centers of the cerebral cortex have a direct connection with certain processes of the body. Experiments on animals have shown that the centers do not have a clear functional distinction. During the experiments, a certain part of the cerebral cortex was destroyed, which theoretically was responsible for certain actions. At the same time, a picture was often observed when the other part of the cerebral cortex took on the function of the destroyed. This property is associated with a high level of plasticity of the cerebral cortex. Therefore, many scientists still deny the very notion of "centers". In general, modern science recognizes the fact that different areas of the cortex have a different purpose, but strict separation does not exist between them. The centers of these regions are clusters of analyzer kernels. At peripheral sites, cells perform less specialized tasks. Certain parts of the cortex provide movement, skin and proprioceptive sensitivity, the ability to hear, see and other functions.

This is in general terms the structure of the human brain.