The state medical system. Healthcare in Russia

In any country, health is a social function of society, the purpose of which is to protect and strengthen human health. Elements of such a system took place even before people created the first states and ancient civilizations. They expressed themselves in one or another care of the community, clan or tribe about their patients, as well as in the measures taken to prevent injuries and diseases. This may include various medical manipulations of healers, their conduct and organization.

History of Health Care in Russia

Our state takes care of the health of its citizens. And it existed at all stages of the historical path of Russia's formation. All the experience accumulated by our scientists and practicing physicians in the medical field allowed us to approach the conditions of the social and hygienic well-being of citizens in the 20-60s of the last century. However, in the last decades of the 20th century, the entire state healthcare system in Russia was to start transitioning to a new mode of functioning. The prerequisite for such a step was the epidemiological transition.

They dictated their own and those new conditions that arose in the social and economic sphere of the country. However, such a transition has not been implemented. In addition, under the conditions of the administrative-command system, health care began to experience a peculiar crisis. He was observed in such areas as:

- Health, which was confirmed by a decrease in life expectancy throughout the country;

- financing, as indicated by the overall decline in money invested in health care;

- equipping the material and technical base;

- frames.

In order to improve the healthcare system in Russia, the government adopted a number of documents. All of them were aimed at solving the problem of cardinal change of this important social sphere. According to the adopted resolutions, the healthcare system should have been radically reformed taking into account the strengthening of its entire material and technical base and the strengthening of preventive measures. To date, we can say that everything done in this direction until the last decade of the 20th century. Gave its positive shoots. However, the country began the transition to a new rails of market relations. This led to the adoption of a legislative act on health insurance and demanded new approaches for the further development of the national health care system in Russia. And now the state does not cease to actively work in this direction.

Principles of health

The whole history of the state system of medical services to the population did not develop spontaneously at all. At all times, its level depended on the socio-economic and political conditions prevailing in the country. Nevertheless, the state for many years left unchanged the basic principles of the health care system in Russia. All these provisions developed after 1917 were relevant at the dawn of Soviet power, throughout the history of the Soviet Union, they have been preserved even now.

The list of basic principles of health care in Russia includes:

- responsibility of the state and society for strengthening and protecting the health of its citizens;

- the creation of an integrated health care system that includes organizations and institutions of various forms of ownership that guarantee the maintenance of adequate medical services to the public;

- preservation and further development of the social and preventive orientation of domestic health care;

- provision of citizens with qualified publicly available medical assistance;

- integration of practice and science;

- participation of the population in the implementation of health programs;

- active training of the necessary medical and nursing staff, adhering to rules and norms of medical ethics.

Activities

The whole set of medical institutions operating in our country is nothing more than a system fixed by law. Healthcare in Russia today includes three areas:

- state;

- Municipal;

- private.

Before, until the 90s of the 20th century, only the first of these important social and social functions performed. Three directions in the health care system of Russia was formed only after the adoption of the necessary legislative norms. Let's consider each of these links in more detail.

State direction in medicine

The system of health authorities in Russia in this area is headed by the Ministry. Being an authorized federal body of executive power, it solves the tasks of developing and further implementing the state policy aimed at protecting the health of citizens of the country. In addition, a whole network of other government bodies includes the state system. Health care in Russia is represented by the Ministries of all the republics that make up the Russian Federation. In addition, the state system includes the management of the medical sphere, located in the districts, territories, regions, cities of Moscow and St. Petersburg. That is, this list includes all subjects of the country, as well as RAMS. The tasks of the healthcare system in Russia are to take all steps to implement the country's policy, and also to implement various programs in the field of the development of medicine and the science that studies it.

All the above management bodies are subject to the following institutions:

- treatment-and-prophylactic type;

- leading research and development activities;

- training medical personnel;

- Sanitary-preventive type;

- pharmacy;

- pharmaceutical.

All their totality is the state system. Health care in Russia in this area includes similar institutions created by the Ministry of Transport, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Ministry of Emergency Situations. All of them also carry out huge work aimed at preserving the health of the citizens of the country.

Organizations of the state medical system are legal entities. Moreover, they carry out their activities in accordance with the legislative acts of the Russian Federation, the regulatory provisions of the subjects of the country, and also on the basis of documents issued by regional and federal health authorities. At the same time, the task is to manage this area and conduct various types of research activities. Also, organizations of the state system monitor sanitary and epidemiological welfare of citizens. People are also turning to them for providing high-tech medical care.

Municipal system

The main task of institutions in this area is also to manage and organize medical care for patients. The municipal health care system in Russia includes institutions for treatment, prevention and education. This includes pharmaceutical companies and pharmacies. This system is headed by medical authorities of the municipal level.

Moreover, all of them operate on the basis of legal and regulatory acts not only of federal, but also of regional bodies that head this direction.

The main task, which is solved by the healthcare system of the Russian regions, is to provide the population with primary medical care, as well as some of its specialized types. In addition, the municipal bodies of management of the medical sphere, based on the main areas of their activities, need:

- to raise the level of sanitary and hygienic education of the population;

- to ensure access of the population to the guaranteed volume of medical assistance;

- to exercise control over the quality of services rendered not only by subordinate organizations, but also by those that enter the medical and private systems.

The health care system of the Russian regions is financed from the budgets of all levels available in the country, as well as funds created for this purpose and other sources not prohibited by legislative acts.

Private medicine

This healthcare system includes organizations of treatment and prevention, as well as medical institutions. Their property belongs to private individuals. In the same system are research, educational, pharmacy and treatment and prevention centers, which are financed by individuals or public associations.

The activities of such institutions are within the current legislation of the Russian Federation, as well as regulatory and legal acts issued by the subjects of the country, regional and federal bodies of medical management and local self-government.

Thus, the health care system in Russia is mixed. Currently, the coexistence of all three areas is considered appropriate, as it helps to increase the list and improve the quality of medical services.

Guarantees to the population

How effective is our medical system? Health care in Russia is a direct concern of the state. After all, it is interested in the growth of the long life of people. How does the health care system work in Russia? Pros and cons in this area can be found in any country. There are they and we.

So, the positive side of the Russian system is the guarantee of receiving free medical care. This is the constitutional right of every citizen of the country. Moreover, this provision is enshrined in the Resolution adopted by the Government of the Russian Federation in September 1998. This document lists all types of such assistance, which is provided at the expense of public funds.
What is the health care system in Russia? Socially oriented, aimed at maintaining and preserving human health. As part of the general medical examination, physicians conduct active systematic monitoring of the population. The purpose of such events is:

- identification of various diseases at early stages of their development;

- Referral of patients to treatment or rehabilitation;

- taking preventive measures to prevent the development of ailment, including the direction of the patient for easier work, etc.

In addition, Russia emphasizes hygienic education of the population, the formation of people's concepts of a healthy lifestyle, which is promoted by various preventive and hygienic programs.

Disadvantages of Russian healthcare

Medical care for the population of the Russian Federation faces a number of problems that do not allow it to function with the required efficiency.

So, minuses of the Russian public health services are:

- insufficient funding;

- irrational allocation of allocated funds;

- imbalance in the ratio of the amount of medical services provided to citizens and the resources available to the industry;

- Low level of qualification, insufficient quantity, and also high intensity of work of average medical staff, which is especially evident in outpatient practice;

- Lack of attention to preventive care of citizens in outpatient settings;

- Deficiencies in the system of medical education that prepares medical and nursing staff;

- the unpreparedness of doctors and nurses to provide preventive medical care at the highest level.

Development prospects

In what direction will the healthcare system in Russia go on in the future? Advantages and disadvantages of the current practice are carefully studied by specialists. The analysis of the situation will prompt the correct ways of development of this sphere. So, to improve the work of the health care system, it is necessary:

- Optimization of the structure of medical services and revision of the duties of physicians, who must abandon economically costly and at the same time ineffective work;

- change curricula of medical colleges and universities with simultaneous expansion of teaching the issues of providing primary care to the population.

At the same time, the management of the healthcare system in Russia must abandon its controlling functions, replacing them with analytical ones.

Informational portal

Before the sphere of medical care of the Russian Federation there is the most important task connected with the increase in the life expectancy of the citizens of the country. One of the ways to solve it is related to the notification of all stakeholders about the performance of health organizations. And this became possible in connection with the development of new technologies. With their use in the Russian Federation the newest information base "Healthcare system of Russian regions" is created, which is necessary for:

- highlighting the promising areas of work of municipal and regional governments, as well as organizations and institutions in health matters;

- Motivation of the population to take care of their health;

- development of additional measures to provide services in the medical field;

- coverage of innovative programs and projects designed to introduce the latest medical technologies;

- the formation of a positive attitude of the country's population to the entire health care system.

What does the information system "Health system of Russian regions" offer to Internet users? A variety of reviews, news and articles that are posted on the portal by government authorities.