The starter turns on hot: possible malfunctions and their elimination. Full car diagnostics

The process of starting a car engine with a starter and various start-up problems is one of the most popular topics that car owners discuss in profile forums. The problems and problems associated with starting the engine are very annoying (especially when the car is needed "right now"). But even more annoying when the engine literally just worked fine, and after a few minutes to start it is problematic even on hot. The situation when a starter turns on a hot one is familiar to every car owner. Let's see what causes this behavior and how to fix these problems.

The first thing that comes to mind in this situation is a discharged or defective battery. But in most cases, the battery is completely serviceable, and the problem should be looked for in another. Often problems are associated with the starter itself or with electrical malfunctions in the circuit of its inclusion.

Starter: device and functions

Before talking about the causes of breakdowns, as well as on the methods of diagnosis and repair, it is necessary to find out how the starter is arranged and what tasks it performs. Not all modern car owners know and understand the purpose and arrangement of the starter. So, a starter is usually called a device that converts electricity from a battery to mechanical energy, without which you can not start the engine. The element is an electric DC motor with a special mechanical drive.

In addition to the electric motor, the starter consists of a retractor relay and a bendix. The relay is two coils:

• Retracting;
• Retaining.

To draw in the core, it is necessary to apply sufficient force. Then two coils can perform the same function.

Bendix

It is needed to engage the flywheel. The gear wheel and the flywheel can not be permanently engaged, since the engine speed is much higher than what the electric motor is capable of. If the gear of the bandix will constantly rotate at high speeds, the starter will quickly fail.

Bendixs by design can be divided into three groups:

• Roller coupling is a system that occurs most often. The principle of operation of this system is based on the wedging of the cogwheel relative to its cradle at the moment of rotation in one direction and at free travel, when the rotation goes in the opposite direction.

• The second group is ratchets. This system works by the ratchet mechanism. Most often, such bendicks can be found on devices from Delco Remy USA. This design is justified, since these starters have more power.
• The third group of equipment are drives in which the engagement is carried out by a package of friction plates. This solution is actively used in starters "Bosch" series 0001410 and others designed for trucks.

Different constructions

Starters differ among themselves in the manner of transferring the torque from the motor shaft to the bendix. Here we can distinguish a classic straight-flow starter, the photo of which is presented in the article. Here, the bendix is located directly on the shaft of the anchor. There are also reducer starters. The peculiarity of them is that between the bendyx and the motor there is a gear train. These devices are better than straight-through ones in that for the same mass and dimensions they are able to develop a greater torque. More often you can find models with planetary gearboxes. This allows manufacturers to not increase the overall dimensions. The planetary gearbox in low-powered starters consists of plastic parts. This slightly reduces the resource. However, designs with planetary gears are relatively inexpensive.

How does the starter work?

When the car owner turns the key in the ignition switch or presses the button, the battery power starts to flow to the retractor relay. Then the retractor as well as the holding coil of this relay closes, which, through a special lever, pushes the bendix. Then the latter engages with the flywheel on the crankshaft of the engine.

When the bandix reaches the end, the core closes the retracting winding. The motor contacts will close and it will start to rotate. Through the drive, the rotation will be transmitted to the bendix gear, and the latter will untwist the flywheel of the power unit.

Main causes of starter faults

So, the driver got behind the wheel after a brief parking, turned the key, but the starter turns on the hot one. Now that we know why a starter is needed and how it works, we can talk about the causes of the malfunctions.

Battery

The first step is to check the battery. Very often the reason is a discharged or idle battery. It often happens that the car owner, leaving briefly from the car, forgets to turn off something. It can be lights, navigation and multimedia and other electrical equipment. In this case, the battery will quickly be discharged (especially if it is not new). Also, together with the battery, it is recommended to check the condition of the terminals.

Early ignition, brushes, bushings

Another reason is the early ignition. Check it as follows: from the ignition coil pull out the wire, and then try to start the warmed-up engine without a spark. If the crankshaft rotates easily, then it is necessary to correct the work of the ignition system. If the starter turns to hot, then strong wear of brushes or bushings is possible. Inside the starter there are mechanical parts - sliding bearings. As for brushes, if they are worn excessively, they may not reach the collector. When the bearing sleeves are very worn out, the armature of the electric motor touches the stator during heating. The result is a short circuit that reduces the speed of the starter motor.

In this case, experts recommend checking the anchor with a multimeter for inter-turn faults. How does the starter look? See the insides of the device in our article. This will be useful for novice car owners. It is also possible that the bushing was incorrectly selected during the repair of the device. At the time of heating, unsuitable bushings can jam.

Ignition switch, retractor

Often such problems with the starter can be caused by malfunctions in the ignition lock. In this case, check the contact group in the lock. Also, car owners sometimes add another relay to reduce losses in the lock and in its circuit. If the VAZ starter does not turn on the hot one, then you can suspect the retractor relay. The electronic part of modern cars can react sensitively to temperature (and more often on high). It can be checked easily: at the moment of turning the key in the lock, you will not hear a click. This situation is solved quickly - it is enough to replace the relay. Also, it is not superfluous to verify the integrity of the cords and terminals of the retractor relay. Another test is the wire that connects the relay and the starter.

And finally, the problems can be related to the engine itself. Fit the crankshaft can be too stiff. Then the shaft can jam from the side of the pistons. These are very unpleasant reasons. But to identify them, you will need a complete diagnosis of the car.

Crankshaft sensor

This is another common reason. The fault is again a starter. During the operation of the element, electromagnetic interference arises that act on the crankshaft position sensor. As a result, it gives incorrect readings to the engine ECU. Because of this, the computer can not properly adjust the fuel supply and mixture. As a result, the motor does not want to start.

The starter rotates, but it is too slow or does not rotate at all

Two wires are connected to the starter. One of them passes from the ignition lock, the other - from the battery. During operation, these contacts can be oxidized. When the temperature rises, the contacts and the terminals diverge. As a result, the connection is broken and disappears. This is another popular reason why the starter motor does not turn on a hot engine.

To eliminate this malfunction, it is sufficient to clean out these connections and clean the wires and contacts from the oxides. So, with АКБ and other devices terminals are removed. All the surfaces that are sensed in the current transfer are sanded with sandpaper. Bolts, nuts and other contacts are also treated with alcohol. After these procedures, experts recommend applying a thick lubricant to the terminals. Often a starter turns on hot on account of poor contact. You can go over half the car, but in most cases, it's enough to clear the contacts.

Diagnosis and repair of the starter

This device is an electric motor. The current consumption is very large, but it is served for a few seconds, so the battery does not have time to discharge. If the starter refuses to work on the hot motor, and at the same time, a full diagnosis of the car showed that all the nodes are in good condition, this indicates that it is necessary to dismantle and check the starter. The device is most often located at the bottom of the power unit. For the dismantling, you will need carabiners and spanners, as well as a long socket wrench. When the node is removed, it should be dismantled. After dismantling, you need to carefully examine the general state of the contacts and the main nodes. It is also recommended to pay special attention to the bendix. Sometimes the situation when the starter turns, but does not grasp, is connected with it. On the bendix check the state of the splines. Particular attention is paid to the anchor - the collector burns out here. Brushes can be worn out. The collector should not have traces of burning, the plates should not be blue. Check the condition of the windings and their insulation.

Car diagnostics

Many fall into a situation where the starter does not spin, it does not start. What to do in this case? Carry out a car diagnosis. First of all, check the candles. They generate a spark, due to which a combustion mixture is ignited in the combustion chambers. Candles should be in good condition, not have a deposit. Strangely enough, but they can influence how the car is started. An important detail is the fuel filters. They filter out garbage, rust, dirt and dust - all this is in our Russian fuel. And the dirt in the gasoline will not protect even refueling at the proven gas stations. After all, the deposits can be in the tank. Therefore, once every 5 years, it is necessary to perform a complete flushing of the fuel tank with removal. If dirt gets into the power system, this can be the reason why the starter turns, but does not grasp. You do not need to write down filters from accounts when diagnosing (and that's usually what they do, because they forget about them). Another important element is the throttle. That the machine always and under any conditions was started, it is recommended to keep the damper clean.

Conclusion

There are many reasons that can lead to this breakdown. But do not despair. All these malfunctions can be eliminated. Even novice drivers will cope with them. If the starter turns on the cold, and on the hot one - no, this is an excuse to get to know your car and carry out its diagnosis.