The size of the trellis for grapes. Formation of a bush of grapes

Dachniki, who grow grapes on their plot, were able to make sure, on their own experience, the need to build the right support. In this case, the plant does not fall to the ground, its leaves receive more light. This allows the grapes to develop harmoniously. The yield of shoots when using the correct support will be higher.

будет оптимальным, а также какие существуют виды подобных сооружений. The beginner grower should know what size trellis for grapes will be optimal, and also what kinds of similar structures exist. In this case, the culture will be simple and interesting. This will not cause any trouble.

Features of the plant

является интересным занятием. The arrangement of the vineyard is an interesting activity. This plant is a liana. It flattens nearby plants with its stems to obtain more sunlight.

Grapes are well-bred even in the average climatic zone of our country. It is grown even in the suburbs. For a cold climate, special grape varieties are suitable. His berries will be smaller, but their taste and benefits do not decrease. Also gardeners grow decorative varieties of the presented plant.

должна устанавливаться на хорошо освещенном месте участка. Support for grapes should be installed in a well-lit place of the site. In this case, the plant will quickly braid its green shoots prepared for it crossbeams. This will create a decorative composition, and in autumn to collect a gorgeous harvest of grapes.

Advantage of trellis

при помощи шпалеры имеет ряд преимуществ. Forming a bush of grapes with trellis has a number of advantages. This approach allows you to fully form the skeleton of the bush. This process must be carried out from the first years of life of grapes. This tactic allows you to specify a certain shape of the curly mass of lianas.

The trellis allows the shoots to be placed evenly along the whole plane of the support. Shoots do not interfere with each other. The leaves in this case receive more light. Sun rays of grapes will catch the entire surface of the leaf.

обрезка сухих листьев будет производиться быстрее при наличии подобной опоры. Garter grapes in spring, pruning of dry leaves will be made faster with such a support. Caring for the plant will be faster and easier.

Growing away from the ground, the leaves are provided with good ventilation. This significantly reduces the likelihood of fungal diseases on the leaves, the appearance of rot.

Design Features

определяется исходя из соображений комфортного ухода за растением, а также типа самой опоры. The size of the trellis for grapes is determined on the basis of considerations of comfortable care of the plant, and also the type of the support itself. To install it, you should choose the right place. It should be a well-lit spacious site. Watering the plant should be comfortable. Nearby should not grow light-loving or afraid of high humidity plants.

Rows of trellises are installed in the direction from north to south. The distance between the poles can be large. This will give the grapes the opportunity to grow with the years. The minimum distance between poles should be about 2 m. You can plant vegetable crops nearby, which prefer to grow in the shade.

There are several options for equipping the trellis. One-plane, two-plane and arched constructions are encountered. The first option is the simplest. Two-plane supports require a lot of free space between the rows. In this case, it will not be possible to occupy free space with other cultures.

в виде арки обычно имеют большую высоту. Trellises for plants in the form of arches usually have a large height. They are usually used for decorative purposes. Their size should be greater than the height of a person, so that you can walk under the arches.

Material

Material for the construction of the support can be different. Its columns can be wooden, metal. There are also plastic trellises for grapes. The supports are made of pipes or corners. The main requirement that is put forward to the material is the increased rigidity. The design must be strong and reliable.

Plastic today is the most popular material that is used to make tapestries. It is easy to install on the site. Modern materials of this category have increased strength and low weight. In this case, the installation will be quick, it does not require significant expenditure of effort and time.

Wooden structures require high-quality processing. Over time, they may begin to deteriorate. This also applies to metal arches. Rust can damage the integrity of the structure. Plastic is considered to be durable, maintenance-free material.

Wire

The support wire must be strong, not corroded. Grapes can grow for about 50 years. Therefore, it is better to choose quality materials once than to repair a few years later.

The metal thread should have a high content of zinc. This increases the lifetime of the wire by 3 times. The density of the metal should be about 230 g / m². This material lengthens only by 5%. This is a good indicator, allowing you to grow heavy trellises on the trellis.

Also, the wire can contain carbon. This also has a positive effect on its durability. The thread does not rust, it does not sag. It will be extremely difficult to pull it up.

The size

должен обеспечивать удобный уход за растением и сбор его урожая. The size of the trellis for grapes should provide a convenient care for the plant and harvest its harvest. The diameter of the pipes is recommended to be from 32 to 57 mm. The cross-section of the supporting columns can be not only round, but also square, rectangular. Such constructions are cheaper. To assemble the construction in this case will be simpler.

The optimum height for the trellis is recognized as 2.2 m. This rule applies when building a vineyard. If the vine climbs up the pergola or pergola, the height of this structure should be at least 2.8 m. The maximum permissible height for such structures is set at 3.2 m. If the support is higher, it will be extremely difficult to take care of the vineyard. To do this, you will need to use a ladder.

On high trellises, grapes are tastier and larger. However, under these conditions it is allowed to grow only resistant to frost varieties (able to survive at temperatures up to -32 ° C).

Strength Strength

должна иметь сверху прочную перекладину. Support for grape must have a strong crossbar on top. The diameter of the pipe in this case may be less than that of the supporting poles. This is necessary, so that the design can withstand the weight of the creeper along with the fruit. If there is no upper crossbar, the support bends, turns out of the ground. Too thin cross-section of the crossbar leads to its deflection. The wire can sag.

The crossbar can be only half an inch in diameter. However, even this will be enough to keep the design for a long time. According to experienced gardeners, such supports can last about three decades or even more.

It should also be noted that the supports must be buried in the ground to a depth of about 60 cm. The pit should be 80 cm deep. Its width and length are also 60 cm. The first 20 cm of the cavity must be filled with ordinary sand. Further, the supports are buried with soil, well ramming the ground. It should also be used for the support pillar thrust bearing. So it will be harder to shake it.

Single-Plane Varieties

является самой простой разновидностью опоры. Single-plane trellis for grapes is the simplest kind of pedestal. It's easiest to build on your site. The entire green mass is located on one plane of the support. The height of such structures is 1.7-2.2 m. At the same time, one should take into account the growth of the gardener who will take care of the plant.

Intermediate supports should be spaced from each other at a distance of 3-4 m. The first wire, which is closest to the ground, should be stretched at a level of 0.5-1 m. Here, as a rule, the fruit links of the vine are located.

The second wire stretches 25 cm from the first crossbar. Here you must perform the first garter of the shoots. The subsequent threads should be placed at a distance from each other about 40-50 cm. The thickness of the cable should be at least 3 mm.

To determine the distance between rows, you need to multiply the height of the trellis by 1.5. This is the minimum value. It is better to put the series a few inches further.

Two-plane structures

применяется чаще всего для сильнорослых сортов. Two-plane trellis for grapes is used most often for high-grown varieties. This design will allow to withstand a large mass of shoots, bunches with large berries. Similar supports can be used on a site with a small area.

In essence, this design consists of two single-plane trellises. They are combined at the base and are bred at the top (distance 1-1.5 m). All the recommendations presented regarding the arrangement of single-plane varieties are also characteristic of these plants.

The coefficient of distance between rows in this case is equal to 2. The height of the trellis is multiplied by it. This is the minimum distance between rows.

This design allows you to get more productivity. However, care for the plant will be difficult. Such a construction is more difficult and expensive to produce.

Arch, garden furniture

может производиться и в декоративных целях. Formation of a bush of grapes can be made and for decorative purposes. For this, the design has the form of arches, pergolas or pergolas. In this direction, many varieties of forms of support have been invented.

Supports can also form entire tunnels, transitions. Such designs are individual for each vineyard. There are no clear instructions on how to organize the form. It is quite expensive and difficult to build such supports. Care of the plant is carried out with certain difficulties.

But these designs allow you to decorate the site, as well as get high yields. This is the most beautiful form of growing a vine. There are a lot of variants of shapes and sizes in this direction. The choice depends on the taste preferences of the owners of the suburban area.

Formation of a bush

There are several ways of forming a bush of grapes. The fan-and-sleeve approach is recognized as one of the most convenient. The seedlings must be buried in the ground so that the upper eye is below the ground at a level of about 7-10 cm. In this case, the probability of forming a bark is significantly reduced. Vine easily bends with this way of planting to the soil.

If you want to give the right shape to a bush, the molding is done for several years. In the first year it is necessary to grow 4 healthy strong shoots. Weak lianas immediately remove. In autumn the plant is shortened to 80-100 cm in height.

. The next year garter is made in the spring . The principle of the fan is applied. On these branches you need to grow 2 more shoots. Eyes should be cleaned immediately after swelling. Leave only the top two sprouts. If there will be a crop, it is not necessary to leave on a sleeve more than half of a bunch. In autumn, the kidneys on the lower shoots are removed.

For the third year, you need to tie all shoots horizontally. On the escape of substitution, it is necessary to cut the inflorescence. Leave only two. One of them is directed away from the center. He will be replaced in a year. In autumn, harvest about 5 kg and more.

можно правильно выращивать эту культуру на своем участке. Having considered what it is necessary to choose the size of the trellis for grapes, you can properly grow this crop on your site.