The Ryazan Kremlin: history, reviews and photos. Museums of the Ryazan Kremlin

The Kremlin is the oldest part of the city of Ryazan. Just at this place in 1095 was founded Pereyaslavl Ryazan, which in 1778 was renamed into the current name. The location for construction was chosen perfectly. The Ryazan Kremlin is located on a high platform, having an area of 26 hectares and the shape of an irregular quadrilateral surrounded on three sides by rivers. And the traces of the ancient settlement, found here, date in general one thousand years BC.

A bit of history

Pereyaslavl, according to the assumptions of archaeologists, was laid on the shore of Lake Bystroy, in the northern part of the hill. This was confirmed with the help of the latest technology. Then it began to develop rapidly and by the 14th century the entire Kremlin hill was already occupied. The reason is very simple: by the end of the 13th century the city changed its status, became the capital city of the principality, since Ryazan, which had such a rank before, was destroyed many times during the Mongol-Tatar raids. Pereyaslavl, as the history of the Ryazan Kremlin says, very quickly passed beyond the limits of the hill and markedly grew to the west and south. And the Kremlin itself remained the most fortified, central part of the city and represented a very powerful fortress with a system of traditional for Russia defensive structures. On the one hand, south-west, not protected by rivers, a moat was dug, and along the entire perimeter a tree was poured. On it were erected fortified wooden walls with 12 towers. The Glebov Tower gate was the main one and looked towards Moscow. In the 18th century, Pereyaslavl lost the importance of the outpost of the south of Russia, and most military installations were demolished. Only a fragment of a 300-meter-long tree and a moat in the south-western part remained to our time.

Further development of the Kremlin

For a relatively long time, the Ryazan Kremlin was built of wood. And only at the beginning of the 15th century, from the white stone, not far from the prince's court, was built the cathedral citywide Assumption Cathedral. And in the second half of the 17th century, Pereyaslavl was in its heyday of stone architecture. On the site where the prince's palace complex was previously located, the builders erected a whole ensemble consisting of a number of civilian structures: a number of economic and administrative buildings, including the Bocharnaya, smithy, the Consistorial and Singing Corps, the houses of the bishop, who later named the " The Palace of Oleg ". In the next, 18 century, these possessions were surrounded by a fence of stone, put several gates. At present, the Consistorial Corps can observe a fragment of one of them.

Monasteries of Pereyaslavl and Cathedral Square

In ancient times there were two monasteries - both men's - in this territory. In the south - Spassky, the oldest, in the northeast - Dukhovsky. On the territory of the first long time there was a city, very rich, cemetery. In the 40s of the last century it was liquidated, leaving two graves in memory for the heirs:

1. Engraver, Professor IPPozopasin from the Petersburg Academy of Arts, who lived from 1837 to 1909.
2. The artist and writer SD Khvoshchinskaya, who lived from 1828 to 1865.

And in 1959, from there, the grave of Ya.P. Polonsky, a prominent Russian poet who lived in the 19th century, was transferred from Ryazan. The most important place in Pereyaslavl was the Cathedral Square, on the territory of which were located: prikaznye huts - the main institutions of the city administration, powder chambers and the prison yard.

Ryazan Kremlin in the late 19th - early 20th century

By the 19th century, this object gradually lost its central importance. Secularization of the land of the church was carried out, and after that the hierarch's household was significantly reduced. By the end of the 18th century, the center of the city was taken far away from the Kremlin, and since then the revival has been observed only on the days of various religious holidays. The rest of the time - a quiet and calm suburb. But at the beginning of the 20th century, thanks to the activities of the scientific and cultural city community, as well as local researchers, the Ryazan Kremlin began to acquire the status of one of the main and important historical places of the region. By the 800th anniversary of the city, in 1895, this place became the center of grandiose celebrations. In the Palace of Oleg in 1914 the museum of church antiquities - the Drevleshranilishche was opened, and in 1923, already in Soviet times, the provincial art and history museum.

These historical places are now

The Ryazan Kremlin began a new stage of the museum-reserve in 1968, when local authorities formed an architectural and historical complex. In addition to the territory of the ancient Pereyaslavl, it includes all the architectural and defensive structures of the past centuries, preserved until those days. The area itself was put in order, some of the buildings were restored and turned into museums. To date, this ensemble, together with the picturesque landscape and the most beautiful Old Russian architecture, represents not only the regional center, the city of Ryazan, but is one of the ornaments and the pride of all Russia.

Assumption Cathedral

Every year a lot of tourists come to these places to get to know a bit about the past of their country, foreigners - to learn a part of Russian history. So, the central monument here is the Assumption Cathedral of the Ryazan Kremlin, which we briefly mentioned. It was built by Yakov Grigorievich Bukhvostov, the largest architect, in 1693-1699. The cathedral was being built as a cathedral summer temple, and a grandiose structure turned out which, with its dimensions, 1600 square meters of area and 72 meters in height, surpassed most of the buildings of that time. The architectural style of the building is Naryshkin's Baroque, which is a magnificent example of the organic synthesis of icon painting, sculpture and architecture. For example, it has no analogues carving on white stone platbands and portals. Seven tiers of icons with a total height of 27 meters are made by pupil and follower of Simon Ushakov Nikolai Solomonov. The iconostasis carving made by Sergey Khristoforov also has exceptional artistic merit. Columns are made from one tree trunk each. In the summer, the cathedral is open to visitors. It even hosts divine services. In 2008, he ceased to be a museum and transferred to a local diocese.

Glebovsky Bridge and rampart

Considering the cathedrals of the Ryazan Kremlin, we can not fail to mention the Nativity of Christ, in which are the relics of St. Basil of Ryazan, the bishop, and also the tomb of local princes: Sophia - the daughter of Dmitry Donskoy, and the sister of Ivan the third - Anna. On the territory of the Kremlin there is a stone Glebovsky Bridge, which was built to the Belltower in the 18th century. It has an arch construction. Even earlier in its place was a wooden bridge of oak, which has a railing and connects the main part of the city with Ostrog. As soon as the threat of external attacks disappeared, it was replaced by a stone one. From the southwest of the Kremlin hill there is another defensive structure of antiquity - the earth wall. Its length is 290 meters, all that is left. Previously, until the 18th century, it had wooden walls and towers. And behind it was a moat, filled with water and a depth of up to seven meters. And although now the shaft is less high and gently sloping, but still impressive and proudly rises above the surrounding territory.

The Palace of Oleg

If you decide to visit the Ryazan Kremlin, the excursions will help you more comfortably and get acquainted with all interesting places in detail. You will certainly be shown, for example, the largest in the square civil building - the Palace of Oleg, which was erected on the site where the prince's court originally was located. Here before were the chambers of the local bishops, their economic services, the brotherly cells and the house church. The area of the building is 2530 square meters. It has three floors, which were erected not all at once, but in stages. In the middle of the 17th century the architect Yu. K. Ershov built the first two, and at the end of the same century the architect GL Mazukhin built the third one. In 1780, the architect Y. I. Schneider extended the length of the building, thanks to the annex to the eastern part. And in the next century, the provincial architect SA Shchetkin completely rebuilt it. It turned out to be a very beautiful building with a baroque pediment, colored platbands and door windows. Since then it has become known as the Palace of Oleg.

The singing corps

Studying the museums of the Ryazan Kremlin, one can not but pay attention to the architectural monument of the mid-17th century - the Singing Corps. Built by the architect Yu. K. Ershov, he got his name because of the training of singers here. Although, in fact, the main purpose of the building is different. These were living quarters for the treasurer and the economist, bishops. At the end of the housing housed the reception of the economist, which has its own separate entrance. The building is rectangular, two-storied, sustained in the architectural style of that time. Thanks to the porch, executed in the style of architecture of ancient Russia, has a special elegant appearance. On the vaults and walls, including in the reception of the economist, there is a fragmentary preserved beautiful painting. Now in this building there is a museum exposition called "According to the custom of the grandfather", which tells about the holidays and everyday life of the Russian people of those times. A lot more interesting is located on the territory of the Ryazan Kremlin. Take the time to inspect, and there will be something to remember for a long time.