The poet Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky: biography, creativity

Russian and Soviet poet Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky was born near St. Petersburg, in Tsarskoye Selo (now - Pushkin), April 10, 1895. Therefore, he was literally destined to become: his father taught the Law of God in the same gymnasium, where the director was the best mentor - Innokentiy Annensky. Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky also met Nikolai Gumilev, who studied at the same gymnasium, and until the end of his life considered these two people his main teachers.

The way to literature

Home, as well as gymnasium education poet received a great, after graduating he entered the university at the Faculty of History and Philology. When Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky was enthusiastically studying in the first year, the First World War began. Before the war, the poet's first collection of poetry was published: "Gymnasium years". And the youngest Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky had the opportunity to show off his first publication (but hardly used it) four years earlier - in 1910, when his poems appeared in the magazine "Pupil".

It was a wonderful time! Nearby was a women's gymnasium, where the future Akhmatova was studying, and while the talented girl Anya Gorenko is Vsevolod's friend for many, many years. Tsarskoe Selo had to poetic research: these world-famous palaces and parks are the magnificence of Versailles, harmony, poetic charm and joy for the eyes are everywhere spread. The soul of the poet was receptive - the aesthetic impact of the surrounding gave eternal impulse to elegance, beauty, transparency. And Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky wrote the verses precisely these, imbued with a hometown-related harmony and unhurried grace. Pushkin's Muse does not bother the soul to very few of the "tsar".

Parents

The most serious influence on the poetic tastes of the poet was his mother, who was in correspondence with her great countryman - Leo Tolstoy. She came from a huge village family, but was educated and born creatively, creatively imaginative, and with great freedom used the word: her speech was imaginative, flowing, smooth and always benevolent.

The poet's father was born in those places that his son had to defend during the Great Patriotic War - not far from Tikhvin. Here for the summer the family went on vacation, and the future poet absorbed the delights of the village life of the village of Ilinskoe no less willingly than the refined beauty of his native city. The combination is strange and bizarre, but also very interesting embodied in poetic lines. Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky wrote verses full-blooded, with a steady sense of happiness and harmony with the whole world.

Fancy combinations

In the soul of the poet, at the same time, various elements that do not resemble each other always live together in good and in joy: the village city is weaved into the life of the village, in the simple peasant talk - high intelligence. That's how the talent was formed. Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky wrote poems joyful and happy despite the fact that he had the same epoch: difficult, severe, at times - merciless.

And when everything seemed to crumble, it seemed as if the sunshine covered the most difficult years in the titles of his books: "Summer" - the edition of 1921, "Window to the Garden" - 1939 ... The times that Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky experienced, whose biography Was built over eighty years, absorbing everything that happened to his native land, reflected in his work without tear and pathos.

Fidelity of the melody

And his subsequent works never lost optimism: "Oriole", "Russian Dawns", "Golden Autumn" ... Even the last book, published before his death, in 1976, was called "Face to Dawn". Sunny poet, joyful and surprisingly reasonable. No noise, thunder and thunderstorms of the new era could not shake his purely Pushkin's liveliness, organicness, a sense of big time, next to which all wars and revolutions are small details, like dust on the harp of Orpheus.

Many art historians believe that this harp, which Nikolai Gumilev dropped, was picked up by Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky. His biography is not distinguished by such sharp turns, tragedies and heroics as Gumilev. But three quarters of a century to write lavish poems for joy is more than a feat, is not it?

The very beginning

The young poet was very, very lucky with his mentors. The magazine "Apprentice", which was published on the basis of the First Gymnasium of St. Petersburg, was edited by a Latin teacher, who later became widely known as the historical novelist Vasiliy Grigorievich Yan, whose sagas about Genghis Khan and Baty will always be extremely popular; they have been translated into more than fifty languages. The real name of the teacher of Latin is Yanchevetsky, it was he who edited the first children's poems. Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky neither the first book about school years, nor the publication from the magazine "Pupil" never republished, considering them imitative and apprentices.

However, they were not helpless, not even the very first. Apukhtin, Nadson ... And many people who consider themselves poets are adults, sin almost by direct borrowings, which little Christmas had at all. The cycle, which is dedicated to Pushkin, is well thought out, accurately weighed, equipped with an interest in folk art, meditations from Baratynsky are surprising with the mind and feeling that is not inherent in young talents.

Students

Since 1914, Rozhdestvensky Vsevolod Alexandrovich is listed on the lists of students of St. Petersburg University. Political fermentation, his arguments practically did not touch him, he did not take part in them. Modernism, seduced by most of his surroundings, also did not become close to him, no poet so much respected Blok. But without significant acquaintances fate and now it did not leave. At the same faculty studied Larissa Reisner, a figure bright, not lost this quality until now.

Together they attended the faculty "Circle of Poets" and were almost equally active. Father Larissa helped to publish a magazine, which was the organ of this circle, called "Rudin." There were only eight issues, in which there were three poems that the adult poet Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky had already written. It was not just a circle, it was a school of poetry, in which Esenin, Mandelstam and many other Petersburg poets of that time were noted.

Selection

Gradually, democratic and revolutionary views under the influence of Larisa Reisner began to dominate in the circle. In October 1917, she deserved eternal glory as a commissar of the Baltic Fleet. Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky became commander of the Red Army.

"The Voice of the Motherland" - the famous poem of 1941 - sounded so sonorous precisely because the young poet participated a quarter of a century ago with his battalion in all the turbulent events that created the very Motherland, for which all the people fought, sparing their lives.

Meetings

At the end of his life, Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky wrote an autobiography of "Pages of Life", and this book became almost immediately a bibliographic rarity, despite a not too small circulation. All because people in his life came often not just extraordinary, but legendary. For example, he was a tutor in the family of Maxim Gorky, and the writer had a very high opinion of the talent of the young man, took the most active part in his creative destiny, and willingly talked, counseled and instructed a lot. A lot of Rozhdestvensky communicated with the wonderful owner of the "House of the Poet" in Koktebel - Maximilian Voloshin.

Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky absorbed poetry in vain as a "science of happiness". The meeting with Alexander Blok has very much determined in the verse predilections. The gravitation towards the accuracy and rigor of acmeism passed away, the magic and magic of the inner music of the lyrics began. When Blok broke off relations with the Acmeists, Rozhdestvensky stayed with Blok not to write "without a deity, without inspiration." The science of poetry can be mastered easily if the taste is impeccable. And in this self-confidence, the poet Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky was right too.

Poems about the war

The Great Patriotic War made the poet a militiaman literally on the first day. "On the protection of Leningrad" - this newspaper sent its correspondent to any, even the most complex, tasks. Then he was seconded to the Seventh Army and carried out any military work. Simultaneously, the verses were composed. In 1943 the book "Voice of the Motherland" was published, and in 1945 - "Ladoga". These were very different testimonies of what the poet was experiencing, what the poet saw, heard and felt. Ode and satire, essays and ballads, correspondence and songs.

But, as before, any poetic word of Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky was transparent and clean. This master is, in the best sense of the word, a traditionalist: classical art is enriched with the immense, complex life experience of the first half of the twentieth century, it passed through many temptations, returned from many impasse branches of the style labyrinth, but before the readers it appeared in strict poetic forms filled with the purity of the living Breathing.

Postwar time

The war was difficult. Almost immediately after its end, in 1947, the book "Native Roads" was published, after which the poet was silent for eleven years. After the war verses, the soul did not immediately set itself up for the former world and the mood. And anyone could write outside of this state, only not Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky. Only the police touched him, even before the revolution, when a dissenting student was being thrown out of Petersburg University, like a broom. In addition to poetic work, Vsevolod Alexandrovich could deal with a very, very many.

Of course, he used these skills while waiting for peace of mind. He was engaged in translations, wrote opera librettes (they are written and put fifteen, among them many operas that have become classics). The last period of creativity - already poetic - is occupied almost entirely by the theme of Russian art. Written cycles of poems, dedicated to the greatest architect in Russia. The poet philosophizes, contemplating his native landscapes. And a very large place in his work is occupied by memoirs.

Caucasus

Love for these blessed and grateful edges was born in the 1920s, and it was here that Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky returned from time to time his whole life. These trips are reflected in the poems "Tsei", "Hunter Vasso", "Caucasian meeting" and many others. Here the poet found an inexhaustible source for his work.

Mountain cycles are authentic verse masterpieces. The powerful beauty of the local nature was able to complement the lovely landscapes of the Tikhvin village and the aristocratic harmony of the Tsarskoye Selo species. The Tseisskoe gorge attracted the poet like a magnet, hence the inherent optimism of the poet acquires some primordiality, and inspiration is charged like a gun.