The paradox is ... Paradoxes of physics. Theory of paradoxes

Since ancient times, man has tried to understand the world around him and his place in it. Using logical thinking, the inquisitive mind of the human being tried to find the essence and interrelation of the events and phenomena that are taking place. Modern knowledge of mankind is the result of almost ten millennia of painstaking analysis of all that the researcher of the surrounding world has encountered.

What is a paradox?

Over time, knowledge was discovered that provided a more complete understanding of the events or phenomena that occurred. However, despite this, there are exceptions when something happens, but does not find a logical explanation. In the modern world, science treats this phenomenon as paradox. In translation from the Greek language "paradox" (παράδοξος) - this is an unexpected, strange. This definition arose long ago, at the dawn of the development of our civilization. Modern science says that the paradox is a situation or event, for which a clear manifestation in reality and complete absence of any logical explanation of the results obtained is characteristic.

The paradoxes that have arisen always stirred and intrigued the mind of man with its contradictions and vagueness. Despite the lack of explanation, a person tries to find and solve the problem that has arisen before him. Over time, some paradoxes lost their status of inexplicable and passed into a clear logical field of understanding. Next, we will touch on some of the "dark" corners of knowledge that are as yet unclear. We hope that over time it will become clear to us what is behind this and what are the nature and properties of the phenomenon that is happening.

Paradoxes of physics

Physics is a science that is rich in paradoxes. They are found in various areas of science: thermodynamics, hydrodynamics, quantum mechanics. Let's give examples of some of them to the reader's style of presentation.

1. The paradox of Archimedes: a huge vessel can swim in several liters of water.
2. Tea Leaf Paradox: after mixing tea, all the tea leaves are collected in the center of the cup, which contradicts the effect of centrifugal force. Under its action they must move to the walls. But this does not happen
3. Paradox Mlemba: hot water under certain conditions can freeze faster than cold.
4. The D'Alembert Paradox: the body of a spherical shape does not receive resistance when moving in an ideal fluid.
5. The paradox of Einstein - Podolsky - Rosen: far from each other events have mutual influence.
6. Schrödinger's cat: quantum paradox. The cat is in two states (neither alive nor dead) until we look at it.
7. The disappearance of information in a black hole: information is destroyed when it enters a black hole.
8. Paradox of origin: when traveling in time, the question arises that initially, - objects or information.

There are other, very mysterious paradoxes of physics.

Where else can there be paradoxes?

A large number of "dark" knowledge exists in various spheres of our life. It can be found in logic, mathematics and statistics, geometry, chemistry. In addition, there are philosophical, economic, legal, psychophysical paradoxes.

With the advent of understanding the possibility of moving in time in any direction (modern science theoretically confirms this possibility) an avalanche was flooded with strange conclusions connected with such travels. For example, everyone knows the grandfather paradox. It says that if you return to the past and kill your grandfather, then do not be born. Accordingly, you can not kill your grandfather.

Quantum physics is the realm of paradoxes

With the advent of a new direction in physics, the number of paradoxes has increased significantly. According to scientists, it can either be believed or not understood. Quantum physics does not support existing laws known to us and consists of continuous paradoxes that contradict our common sense. For example, one particle can act on the other regardless of distance (quantum entanglement). The paradox of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen includes not only the phenomenon of the interdependence of the state of particles, but also the impossibility of simultaneously measuring the position and state of an elementary particle. In a word, quantum physics is considered to be the queen of the incomprehensible realm.

"Logic without Logic"

Where else do strange events and phenomena occur? Let's plunge into mathematics and its theory of probability. The Monti Hall paradox is very famous. It was first voiced in 1990.

Its name was given in honor of the presenter of one game show, where players were given a choice of the door behind which the prize is hidden. If to describe in simple words, the situation is this: when the player changes his choice after the leader's suggestion, the course of further events changes. Although, according to the theory of probability, the result should have the equivalence of chances. For a more complete understanding, look at the diagram showing the player's selection results and their relationship. As a rule, a paradox is an unexpected result that can not be explained in a logical way. The Hall paradox is by no means the only example with the discovered logical contradictions from the field of probability theory. Found more than a dozen unexplained and strange phenomena. For example, two independent events will be conditionally dependent if one of them fails. This phenomenon was called the Berkson paradox.

In short, the paradox is a discrepancy between the result and the expected result.

The possible nature of the occurrence of strange events: the theory of paradoxes

The scientific world continues to understand today with nature and the essence of the occurrence of such phenomena. There are several assumptions that allow the existence of "dark" knowledge in various areas of information.

• For a simpler and more accessible version, they arise because of incomplete knowledge of the mechanisms or algorithms of nature, or the logical foundation of thinking.
• According to another version, this is not the correct way of constructing the analysis, but at the moment it is quite acceptable. To put it in simple terms, we misuse logical thinking, but today this style is quite applicable to humanity. As the course of the development of civilization shows, this is how it happened in the past, but such changes proceed imperceptibly and slowly enough.
• There is another hypothesis explaining the origin of paradoxes. It says that if we are faced with paradoxes, it speaks about the predetermination of the future.

The explanation is that if some phenomenon is predetermined in the future, then a person can not change or influence it, regardless of their knowledge and ideas. Because of this, in some cases, events occur, the result of which contradicts the logical understanding.

Conclusion

We can not clearly say what the real reason for the occurrence of such strange events or phenomena. However, we can state exactly that the paradox is the "engine" of cognition. Faced with unexpected results, many scientists and researchers embark on a long and difficult journey in search of the truth of this world and its place in it.