The organs of the digestive system of man

In medicine, there are many tricky names in which it is not easy to understand, and the human body is such a complex system that many people have a very vague idea about the purpose of some organs. But do not be seven brains in the forehead to guess what function the organs of the human digestive system perform. This is clearly indicated by their very name.

As far as we know, the highway is a large, well-maintained road; The digestive tract, which is also gastrointestinal, is the very way in which a person consumes food inside. However, such a definition, of course, is too primitive, in some ways akin to the anecdotal description of the purpose of the head: "I eat it". But a more detailed examination of the structure of this system and the functions of the organs entering it helps to better understand how the digestive process is occurring and what disturbances in it cause disorders of the body and various diseases.

So, what is included in the organs of the human digestive system?

The first is the oral cavity, where food is only subjected to initial machining. Help in this not only the teeth and tongue, but also the salivary glands, because the saliva contained in the saliva already splits some elements.

Further, the food enters the esophagus, but not directly, but through the pharynx, which reflexively assists in swallowing the already crushed and collected food. The esophagus itself is a straight tube up to 30 centimeters long. Its task is to quickly deliver food to the stomach, which is facilitated by the musculature and the flat epithelium lining the walls .

If the organs of the human digestive system try to arrange according to the rank, the stomach is most likely to be the main one. In this "bag" is the digestion of food under the influence of gastric juice. Its main components are hydrochloric acid, bicarbonates, pepsin and other enzymes. Three layers of smooth muscles rotate the food lump inside the stomach, speeding up the processing.

However, not everything is digested in the stomach - the "baton" is intercepted by the intestine. If the human digestive tract is expensive, then the intestine is the longest distillation on it. Its total length reaches ten meters, and it fits in the abdominal cavity, because it is in a folded state, like a fan or a frill. Its main part is the small intestine, but the duodenum is still located up to it, into which the ducts of the pancreas, which secrete enzymes that break down fats, proteins and carbohydrates, and the gall bladder, which contains the bile produced by the liver, also participates in the general process. The mucous membrane of the small intestine forms numerous villi that move forward, pushing along the tract food lump, which by this time is already split into nutrient molecules. Through the villi, they are absorbed into the blood and lymph.

The last part of the gastrointestinal tract is the large intestine. Its main function is the cleavage of the cellulose by means of special bacteria, the absorption of the liquid and the accumulation of undigested residues from which the fecal masses form and are discharged from the body to the outside through the rectum. The initial section of the large intestine is called the caecum, from which a small process departs, perhaps the only organ of a person who does not have any useful function - an appendix.

As you can see, the organs of the human digestive system are not as simple as one might think. This complex system is susceptible to poisoning when stale products or poisonous substances enter it; in it, parasites are created, metabolic disorders and other troubles occur, many of which we arrange for our gastrointestinal tract ourselves when we eat something horrible or badly chew food . And if most of the complex work of our body takes over, then we should at least not interfere with it.