The notions of "socialism", "liberalism", "conservatism"

Socialism, liberalism, conservatism are the most popular philosophical and socio-political trends in modern science. During the twentieth century, anarchism and Marxism were also very popular, but now they are finding fewer supporters.

At the same time, it is necessary to know and be able to distinguish all these social and political trends in order to understand philosophy, sociology, social studies and jurisprudence.

Liberal doctrines

Socialism, liberalism, conservatism are socio-political trends, whose representatives are the most in the parliaments of countries around the world. Let us consider them in more detail.

Great popularity in the XX century gained a liberal current. Liberalism unequivocally stands for the rights and freedoms of any person, regardless of their nationality, religion, convictions and social status. This puts these rights and freedoms above all, proclaiming their main value. Moreover, under liberalism they represent the basis of economic and social life.

The influence of church and state on public institutions is strictly controlled and limited in accordance with the constitution. The main thing is what liberals are seeking, permission to freely express themselves, to choose a religion or to refuse it, to freely vote in fair and independent elections for any candidates.

In the economic life, socialism, liberalism, conservatism are betting on different priorities. The liberals are in favor of complete inviolability of private property, free trade and business.

In the field of jurisprudence, the supremacy of law over all branches of power is paramount. Before the letter of the law everyone is equal, regardless of social and financial status. Comparison of liberalism, conservatism, socialism helps to better remember and realize how each of these trends differs from each other.

Socialism

Socialism emphasizes the principle of social justice. And also equality and freedom. In the broadest sense of the word, socialism is a social stand that lives on the above principles.

The global goal of socialism is the overthrow of capitalism and the building in the future of a perfect society - communism. This social system must complete the prehistory of mankind and become the beginning of its new, genuine history, "the founders and ideologists of this trend maintain. All resources are mobilized and used to achieve this goal.

Socialism, liberalism, conservatism differ in their main principles. Socialists have a rejection of private property in favor of the public, and the introduction of public control over the use of natural resources and resources. Everything in the state is perceived as common - this is one of the fundamental principles of teaching.

Conservatism

The main thing in conservatism is the adherence to traditional, established values and orders, as well as religious doctrines. Preserving traditions and existing public institutions is the main thing for which conservatives are speaking.

In domestic politics, the main value for them is the existing state and public order. Conservatives are categorically against radical reforms, compare them with extremism.

In foreign policy, the adherents of this ideology focus on strengthening security under external influence, allowing the use of force to resolve political conflicts. At the same time, friendly relations are maintained with traditional allies, distrustful of new partners.

Anarchism

Speaking about liberalism, conservatism, socialism, anarchism can not be ignored. This is a political philosophy that is based on absolute freedom. Its main goal is the destruction of any possible way of exploitation of one person by another.

Instead of power, anarchists propose the introduction of mutually beneficial cooperation between individuals. The authorities, in their opinion, should be abolished, since it is based on the suppression of all the others by the rich and status people.

All relations in society should be based on the personal interest of each person, as well as on his voluntary consent, maximum mutual assistance and personal responsibility. The main thing is the elimination of any manifestations of power.

Marxism

In order to thoroughly study conservatism, liberalism, socialism, Marxism, it is also necessary to know and understand. This doctrine left a serious imprint on most social institutions of the 20th century.

This philosophical doctrine was founded in the 19th century by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. At the same time, later, various parties and political movements often interpreted this doctrine in their own way.

In fact, Marxism is one of the varieties of socialism, they have much in common in all spheres. Three components are key in this theory. Historical materialism, when the history of human society is understood as a particular case of a natural historical process. Also the doctrine of surplus value, when the final price of a commodity is not determined by the rules of the market, but depends only on the efforts expended for its production. In addition, the basis of Marxism is the idea of the dictatorship of the proletariat.

Comparison of scientific theories

In order to thoroughly understand what each of the theories means, it is best to apply questions for comparison. In this case, liberalism, conservatism, and socialism will appear as clear and clear concepts.

The main thing is to understand - the role of the state in the economic life under each of these exercises, the position on solving social social problems, and also in what each system sees the limits of a person's personal freedom.