The main types of rent. Rent of property, premises, land plots

The need to give for temporary use this or that object, object, real estate or land arose a very long time ago. To more or less reasonably and logically approach this issue, various types of leases have been developed. Their general essence lies in the fact that the owner of some property will freely transfer it to another person. At the same time, the right of ownership does not disappear anywhere. There are some obligations of both parties to the transaction, which can vary significantly depending on the subject of the contract and the characteristics of the relationship.

Landlord and lessee

In order to clearly separate the immediate owner and the person who will use an object, the appropriate names have been coined. So, the landlord is that person (or firm) to whom the subject of the contract belongs. He has the desire and the opportunity to transfer it to another person. Here it is called a tenant. After the transfer of the subject to both parties, certain obligations are imposed, but special rights are also granted. Different types of rental of property implies different approaches to the formulation of these elements. For example, you can not apply the requirements for renting real estate for transport or software. The converse is also true.

Responsibilities and obligations

As already mentioned above, different types of leases require a different approach to the specifics of the relationship between the parties. But if you summarize all the information, you can get a few basic points. So, the lessor is obliged to provide the agreed object for the use of the tenant following the conclusion of the contract. On this he may be given a previously agreed period. The object must meet all the stated requirements. In turn, the tenant is obliged to use the object of the agreement carefully, pay a fee for using it on time at the end of it, return it to the landlord intact. This may seem a bit complicated. To better understand the features, let's take the most ordinary apartment rental. So, the landlord must give the keys to the apartment, and she herself must look exactly as it was previously described. The tenant can live in an apartment, as it is convenient for him, but it should remain approximately the same as at the time of transfer. You can not do major repairs, rearrangements, re-planning, etc. without the owner's permission. At the same time, once a month (or another term), he must pay for the right to live in an apartment. Suppose that the lease period was 1 year. That is, exactly 12 months after the signing of the contract, the lessee must move out, leaving everything as it was.

Rental Service

Types of leases of this type mean a short-term transfer of the object of the contract to the tenant. Most often, firms are engaged in this. That is, the transaction will be concluded between a legal entity and an individual. The deadline is set separately, following preliminary agreements, but it rarely exceeds 1 year. The object can be only movable property. In addition, the lessee is not eligible for sublease. It is possible to terminate the contract before the expiration of the term, but after prior notice to the lessor (usually 10 days before the termination). The contract is made in writing. If it is terminated before the end of the term, the difference in payment is returned. The simplest examples are those that were distributed before: video cassettes, discs, game consoles cartridges and so on.

Transport and Freight

Such types of leases concern all kinds of vehicles. In the standard version, only the car (tractor, combine harvester and so on) is transmitted. If a subspecies is used, such as freight, then along with the transport, a driver is transferred for him. But you do not need to pay for this person's services separately. The tenant pays only a fixed amount to the lessor, and he alone calculates the driver's salary. Examples of this type of transaction can serve those modes of transport that are used at weddings. That is, the deadline is set, say, it will be 6 hours, during which the lessor has the right to order the driver where to go (within reason). For this he, in turn, has already paid. Immediately after the expiration of the contract, the driver can simply turn around and leave. Most often provide for the possibility of extending the transaction for some time. It should be borne in mind that the driver is a living person with his natural needs (eat, go to the toilet, sleep, rest and so on).

The property

Different types of rental premises are the most popular and widespread type of contracts concluded between the two parties. This includes the right to use both the apartment and non-residential real estate, its part and so on. For example, a certain firm built a large house, the first floor of which is planned to be used to accommodate various shops or cafes. This company does not plan to sell real estate, but it wants to get money for it. As a consequence, it leases flats to individuals, and parts of the ground floor are for companies willing to place their own sales or service points there. A characteristic feature is that the land that is under the real estate, automatically also turns into a lease, whether the landlord wants it or not.

Company

Not only empty rooms are being removed. Also, entire industrial complexes with all equipment, machinery and so on can be transferred to rent. Types of land leases imply the transfer of only the territory itself, but here everything is included at all. In fact, the tenant becomes the owner of the whole enterprise, although the direct ownership remains with the lessor. Conditions can be very different, ranging from a fixed fee to payments on the basis of the company's performance. This should be negotiated separately. For example, there is an enterprise that produces plastic windows. The current owner does not have the time, the desire, the experience or the knowledge in order to properly manage all this. He decides to find a person who leases the whole complex as a whole, and asks for it 10% of net income. A fairly profitable transaction that does not require any direct effort from the direct owner to make a profit. Naturally, there is a risk that the company will go bankrupt, but everything depends on the right choice of the tenant.

Leasing

There are a huge number of forms that can take a lease. Types of leasing "leasing" mean that the owner transfers to use for another person an object (most often they are transport or equipment). It seems that everything is as usual, if you do not take into account the fact that the tenant has the right to redeem the subject of the contract. For example, one firm "B" needs a tractor. It is produced by company "A". The firm "B" negotiates with "A", which takes the necessary transport for rent on leasing terms. This means that the fee for use will include not only a fixed amount of rent, but also a part of the value of the subject of the contract. At the end of the term, the tractor completely becomes the property of firm "B", if all payments were made on time. This is a kind of mixture between a loan and a classic lease, which is very common in large companies, who do not want to get rid of large amounts of money at a time, but who need a certain technique. It may seem that this is not very profitable, but in fact, if you calculate the profit that can be obtained by using the cost of equipment for the entire period of its application, it turns out that there is still a catch, and it is very significant. For example, the same tractor costs 1 million rubles. If the company immediately pays this amount, then in the future it will not be able to receive an income of 10 million. A leasing of the tractor will cost 2 million for the same period. We see that the direct profit is 8 million.

Earth

All types of leases of land are generally identical to those concluded for obtaining the right to use real estate. However, there are some differences, which under certain conditions can play a significant role. So, if the land plot is on the border with water, which relates to public facilities, the tenant undertakes not to restrict access to any citizens to water. For example, there is a piece of beach that is taken for rent. The owner receives a fixed amount for this. The tenant has no right to somehow forbid any person to visit the beach, but can create an infrastructure, put the sun beds, equip the store and so on. That is, income from the beach, he will not receive directly, but indirectly, in the process of making purchases by beach visitors. There are other features directly related to each other - the lease term and its purpose. Types of land lease for the arrangement of the suburban area do not imply the possibility of erecting a sales point on it. The same is true in the reverse order. That is, you can not build the territory that is intended for a shopping center, build up housing or plow for harvest. On this depends and the period, which, in principle, without much effort can be extended at the end.

Sublease

Many types of leases do not imply the possibility that the tenant will allow the facility to be used by third parties. However, there are some varieties for which this is quite acceptable. Such actions are called sublease. Its essence lies in the fact that the lessee transfers the already rented object to third parties. That is, becomes a landlord. But the actual ownership remains the same for the owner. For example, there is a very large room. The owner does not want to independently look for potential tenants. He gives all the real estate entirely to another person, and already, by paying the agreed amount, he is looking for tenants, who in this case will be called subtenants.

Intangible assets

In many cases, the types of leases relate to real estate, equipment, machinery, transport and so on. But this is only a part of everything that can be transferred for temporary use. So, for example, similar conditions apply to software, trademarks and similar elements that do not exist in material terms.

The result

Above were listed the main types of rent. This is not a complete list, but for a general understanding of the essence of the matter it is quite enough. Due to the opportunities provided by rent, the economic activity of the population is significantly increased. For example, a person has equipment for production, but he does not have the money to buy or build an industrial building. Instead of just waiting, he is looking for an opportunity to rent the right territory for rent. Another person who has such a property, absolutely does not understand what to do with it, but wants to make a profit. After the talks, both sides come to an agreement that they agree on. One person gets real estate for use, unfolds production and begins to make a profit. The second does not worry about anything and is simply satisfied with a fixed fee. Everyone is happy, and the economy has improved.