The main types of foundations used in modern construction

The construction sphere of activity is developing at a very high pace, which to a large extent is facilitated by new technologies for creating materials. Having a long operational life, they allow not only to increase the thermal insulation properties of buildings, but also provide reliable protection against aggressive environmental influences.

At the heart of any structure is the most important part of it - the foundation, on the quality of which depends its integrity and strength. The main types of foundations used today in construction include belt, block, pile, columnar, and also monolithic-reinforced concrete. Sometimes when building some buildings, foundations can be combined, which depends on the type of soil. So, for example, for a light country cottage, a strip foundation is most often used, which is laid along the entire perimeter of the bearing walls. To do this, a trench is digging into the project depth, at the bottom of which sand gravel is laid, after which concrete mixture with buta is poured in. However, modern types of foundations, including belt ones, are now reinforced in almost all cases, since steel bars, welded or interconnected, give the whole structure much greater strength.

If it is planned to erect a multi-storey residential building, then for this purpose a single monolithic reinforced concrete foundation is most often used, which is poured all around the perimeter of the future structure. Such a concrete cushion is one of the most reliable bases that will allow a building to stand firmly for many decades.

It should be understood that when designing a foundation, not only the building as a whole is taken into account, but also the conclusions of geologists who study the soil for suitability for the erection of a high-rise structure on it. All kinds of foundations fulfill the main role - they transfer the load of the entire structure to the ground, the most important being that it should be distributed evenly along the entire perimeter of the building. This is the main role of any concrete foundation. There are different types of soil, among which are rocky, sandy, clayey and loamy. In addition, in some areas of our country you can find peat soil, which is considered the least reliable and complex in terms of excavation. For the erection of a house on such a soil, only the pile foundation is used, which is a monolithic reinforced concrete pile, which is slaughtered in the ground by a special construction machine (koper).

In some cases, you should use a special foundation on the clay. The fact that clay soil has its own characteristics, the main of which is a high degree of soil punching. In winter, when the soil freezes, this process can occur unevenly, so the foundation of the structure must be reliably protected from these troubles. This is achieved by observing several important factors:

1. The laying of the foundation must be below the freezing level of the ground.
2. Along the entire perimeter of the building, a reliable blind area must be made, which can protect the lower part of the building from the penetration of moisture.
3. The foundation must have in its foundation mandatory rigid reinforcement, and also be made on the basis of cement at least grade M400

The most reliable basis for any structure are rocky soils, which by nature are created as the most solid structure (except for calcareous rocks). Depending on the strength of the rocky ground and the conclusions of geologists, the design organization can offer you the most suitable type of foundation for a particular building.

Types of foundations, in addition to all of the above, can also be divided into light and heavy, depending on the degree of reinforcement and the depth of the foundation. Sometimes you can find a foundation made on the basis of prefabricated FS blocks, but it is best used exclusively on sandy soils, since it has the lowest freezing coefficient in the cold season.

Summarizing all of the above, an important conclusion should be drawn that design and construction of the grounds should be taken with utmost responsibility. The foundation of concrete performs the most important role, transferring the carrying load of the whole structure to the ground, therefore, in no case should errors be allowed. Otherwise, the whole house may be threatened with subsidence and loss of structural integrity. Be attentive and successful in building you!