The life of ancient people. The History of Ancient Man

How did the person appear? There is no generally accepted opinion on this score until now. Science and religion can give different answers. The latter teaches that the first man was created by God. Believers believe that in this way people were endowed with an immortal soul and mind.

Features of the scientific point of view

Most scientists hold the view that a person comes from ape-like creatures. The latter changed in the process of evolution. Their backs straightened, long arms shortened. The brain continued to develop. Thanks to this, these creatures became smarter. Their isolation from the animal world was inevitable. So the first ancient people appeared. It is worth noting that the above theory is not fully supported by scientific evidence. Nevertheless, even at school they begin to study how ancient people lived (the 5th grade of the school curriculum gives brief information about that era).

Features of appearance

The history of the ancient man begins about two million years ago. The earliest remains were discovered by scientists in Africa. Thanks to this, it became possible to establish what it looked like. This man could walk only leaning forward. He had so long hands that they hung even below his knees. At the same time his forehead was sloping and low. Powerful superciliary arches protruding above the eyes. The size of his brain was less than that of modern man. However, if you compare with the monkey, it was larger. This man has not yet learned how to talk. He was able to make only jerky sounds. People continued to evolve with time. The volume of their brain increased. Changed and the external appearance. Gradually they began to master speech.

Features of the first instruments

The life of ancient people was full of dangers. They needed the production of food and protection from various predators. For this, special adaptations were needed. So the first tools of ancient people appeared. They were made from improvised materials in nature. Several strokes with stones were enough to create a rough, but strong device with a pointed end. With the help of it polished digging and digging truncheons. The first tools of ancient people were represented by them, as well as pointed stones. Thanks to the ability to manufacture them, man was different from animals. The work of ancient people can be called painstaking and difficult.

Basic Occupations

The life of ancient people, in particular the Neanderthals, was held in caves. In the glacial era, they protected the person from the cold. Near the remains of Neanderthals, scientists often managed to find the bones of cave hyenas, lions and bears. This means that a man had to fight predatory animals for a dwelling. Remains of other animals, such large as a rhinoceros or mammoth, suggest that the life of ancient people was closely related to intensive hunting. In Moustier's time, it developed especially. The history of the ancient man shows that to a large extent food was extracted by hunting small animals, and also collecting fruits and roots.

Features of the hunting process

Neanderthals from the Mousterian era went on a hunt not only in open territories. Also, they visited forests for these purposes. There they pursued, mostly, medium-sized animals. The life of ancient people made them unite. Very often they attacked together large animals. Sometimes they were sick and defenseless animals, trapped in a swamp or a pit. Neanderthals did not disdain eating their corpses. The whole process of cutting the animal was divided into several stages. After killing him, the Neanderthals cut the skin with stone tools. They also used meat to remove them. Long bones broke. Next, the nourishing bone marrow was removed, and the head bone from the skull. Meat was used in its raw form. Also, it could be pre-fried at a fire. Most likely, the skins of killed animals were used to cover the body.

Further development

In the era of Moustier, the management and technique of the economy became much more complicated. The division of labor continued. The most experienced hunters became leaders in the primitive herd. It is worth noting that the European Neanderthals were well adapted to the conditions of the environment, even quite heavy. However, the duration of their lives was significantly reduced due to the difficulties of the struggle and various diseases.

Features of stone tools

The existence of primitive man was filled with dangers and deprivations. As for the stone tools of the Neanderthals, they were already very diverse. In addition, the process of processing them has improved in comparison with previous epochs. Hand chopping, relating to the Shell culture, were made thanks to a pile of stone core with a certain calculation. So, one end was to be a cutting, stabbing and percussion instrument. At the same time, the other was made so that it was comfortable to hold in his hand, clenched into a fist. The Shelle Age is also characterized by other forms of tools, in addition to the hand chop. The culture of Ashel differs by more symmetrical instruments. They have an upholstery over the entire surface. Thus, it is advisable to conclude that it was then that new methods of technology arose. Also there are guns, which are made of shards, shot down with yadrishch. As for the era of Moustier, then for her the most typical are pointed and scraped. They were produced not from flinty core, but from flakes. In the era of Mousterie, the technique of making guns has changed a lot. This is evidenced by the manufacture of tools found in European fields. If you compare with the Acheulian form, then the value of the ancient tools changed. This makes it possible to judge more accurately the methods of using them. In some cases, the cannon can be found in large quantities. Usually they are next to the remains of fireplace and the broken bones of animals. The ancient tools of people, as well as some other elements related to their activities, provide an opportunity to draw important conclusions about the lifestyle of a person of that time. The same applies to the level of economic and social development.

Features of work organization

Of course, it was necessary to work not only for men, but for women. However, it is obvious that the form of their labor participation was different. It is advisable to take into account the anatomical and physiological features inherent in women. They could not take part in the hunt for large animals, since it required a quick and long chase. In addition, it was more difficult for women to fight dangerous beasts, and also to throw rocks. Thus, there was an urgent need for a division of labor. And this was required not only by hunting, but also by many other features of the life of ancient people. There was a complication of social relations, as well as collective action.