The level of air pollution in Moscow

The capital of Russia is one of the largest cities on the planet. Of course, it contains all the problems of megacities. The main one is air pollution in Moscow. The problem has appeared more than a decade ago and every year only gets worse. This can cause a real man-made environmental disaster.

Clean air quality standard

Natural atmospheric air is a mixture of gases, the main of which are nitrogen and oxygen. Their volume is 97-99%, depending on the terrain and atmospheric pressure. Also in small quantities in the air contain carbon dioxide, hydrogen, inert gases, water vapor. Such a composition is considered optimal for life. As a result, there is a constant cycle of gases in nature.

But human activity brings in it significant changes. For example, just in a closed room without plants, one person in a few hours can change the percentage of oxygen, carbon dioxide and water vapor only due to the fact that he will be there to breathe. Imagine just how can air pollution in Moscow today, where millions of people live, drive thousands of cars and operate huge industrial enterprises?

The main harmful impurities

According to research, the concentration in the atmosphere above the city is the most in phenol, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide, benzapyrene, formaldehyde, nitrogen dioxide. Consequently, an increase in the percentage of these gases entails a decrease in the oxygen concentration. For today it can be stated that the level of air pollution in Moscow has exceeded the permissible standards by 1.5-2 times, which becomes extremely dangerous for people living on this territory. After all, not only do they miss the oxygen they need, they also poison the body with dangerous poisonous and carcinogenic gases, which have a huge concentration in the Moscow air, even in enclosed spaces.

Sources of air pollution in Moscow

Why is it more difficult to breathe every year in the capital of Russia? According to recent research, the main cause of air pollution in Moscow are cars. They filled the capital on every big freeway and small street, on avenues and in yards. 83% of carbon oxides enter the atmosphere due to the operation of internal combustion engines.

On the territory of the capital there are several large industrial enterprises, which also act as sources that cause air pollution in Moscow. Although most of them are equipped with modern cleaning systems, gases harmful to life still enter the atmosphere.

The third largest polluting source are large thermal power plants and boiler houses, which operate on coal and fuel oil. They enrich the air of the metropolis with a large number of combustion products, such as carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.

Factors that increase the concentration of harmful substances

It is noteworthy that the amount of harmful gases in the air of the capital of Russia is not always the same everywhere. There are several factors that contribute to its purification or greater pollution.

According to statistics, per person in Moscow there are approximately 7 square meters of green space. This is very small in comparison with other large cities. In regions where the concentration of parks is greater, the air is much cleaner than in the rest of the city. During the cloudy weather, the air itself can not be cleaned, and a large amount of gases gather on the ground, which cause complaints of the local population for poor health. The increased humidity also keeps the earth from the earth, causing pollution of atmospheric air in Moscow. But frosty weather, on the contrary, is able to temporarily clear it.

The most polluted regions

In the capital, the industrial regions of the South and South-East are considered as the dirty regions. Especially bad air in Kapotny, Lublino, Marino, Biryulyovo. Here there are large industrial plants.

High level of air pollution in Moscow and directly in the center. There are no huge enterprises, but the biggest concentration of cars. In addition, everyone remembers the famous Moscow traffic jams. It is in them that machines produce the most harmful gases, since the engines do not work at full capacity, and oil products do not have time to completely burn out, forming carbon monoxide.

TPP is also the most in the central part of Moscow. They burn coal and fuel oil, enriching the air with the same carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. In addition, they also give dangerous carcinogens, significantly affecting the health of Muscovites.

Clean air in Moscow

There are relatively clean regions in the capital, in which the level of harmful gases approaches the norm. Of course, cars and small industry leave their negative trace here, but compared to the industrial regions, it is quite clean and fresh. Geographically, these are the western regions, especially those located beyond the Moscow Ring Road. In Yasenevo, Teply Stan and North Butovo, you can breathe without fear. In the northern part of the city there are also several areas that are relatively favorable for a normal life: Mitino, Strogino and Krylatskoe. In all other respects, air pollution in Moscow today can be called close to critical. This is especially alarming because every year the situation only worsens. There are fears that soon in the city there will be no areas where the air will be more or less clean.

Diseases

The inability to breathe normally causes a number of unpleasant sensations and chronic diseases. Especially children and elderly people are sensitive to this.

Scientists state that air pollution in Moscow has now caused the presence of every fifth asthma or asthmatic factor. Children are five times more likely to have pneumonia, bronchitis, adenoids and polyps of the upper respiratory tract.

The lack of oxygen causes oxygen starvation of the brain. Because of this, frequent headaches, migraines, low concentration of attention. A dangerous carbon monoxide causes drowsiness and general fatigue. Against the background of all this, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, neuroses develop.

The presence of a large amount of dust in the air does not allow natural filters in the nose to detain it all. It enters the lungs, settles in them and reduces their volume. In addition, dust can contain very dangerous substances, which, accumulating, cause cancerous tumors.

When Muscovites get out of town or into the forest, they get dizzy and migraine. So the body reacts to an unusually large amount of oxygen that enters the bloodstream. This abnormal phenomenon shows the real impact of air pollution in Moscow on human health.

Struggle for air purification

Scientists every year carefully study the causes, factors and rates of air pollution in Moscow. 2014 showed that there is a tendency to deterioration, although measures are constantly taken to reduce harmful impurities in the air.

At factories and TPPs, filters are installed that hold the most dangerous products of their activity. To unload the automobile stream, new interchanges, bridges and tunnels are being built. To make the air become much cleaner, the areas of green spaces are constantly increasing. After all, nothing so clears the atmosphere as trees. Administrative penalties are also being accepted. For violating the regime of gas exchange and the release of more harmful gases, both owners of private cars and large enterprises are fined.

But still the results of the forecasts are disappointing. Soon in Moscow, clean air may become a deficit, as has already happened in the largest cities in the world. To prevent this from happening tomorrow, you need to think today about whether to leave the car with the engine on for a long time while you are waiting for someone at the entrance.