The device of the internal combustion engine: the principle of operation

Practically on all modern cars, the internal combustion engine is used as a power device. Reduced - ICE. There are also electric vehicles, but in this article we will consider the construction of an internal combustion engine.

What is the basis for the ICE work? Under the influence of gas pressure, the piston moves in the cylinder. Gases are formed in the combustion process, dare the fuel, which we will henceforth call the working mixture. It should be taken into account that this does not burn the fuel itself, but its fumes mixed with air. This is the working mixture for ICE. If it is set on fire, then it, multiplying repeatedly in volume, will burn. In a confined space, it will create pressure by moving the piston. The arrangement of the internal combustion engine is such that only about ten liters of fuel are used, only two. The rest are wasted. That is, the efficiency is about twenty percent.

ICE, which are used on passenger cars, consist of a gas distribution and crank mechanism, as well as ignition, power, cooling, exhaust, lubrication. ICE consists of the following parts: cylinders, cylinder head (short cylinder head), pistons, piston pins and rings, connecting rods, crankshaft, flywheel, distributor cam with cams, spark plugs and valves.

Device of an internal combustion engine

It is best to consider the principle of the ICE on the example of a gasoline single-cylinder engine. This ICE consists of a cylinder having a mirror internal surface. To it the head is fastened. In the cylinder there is a piston having a cylindrical shape. It has grooves on it. They are equipped with piston rings, which are necessary to ensure the tightness of the space. In addition, they do not allow oil leakage into the space above the piston. That is, these rings are seals and come in two types: oil-removable and compression.

Almost all machines of budget and middle class are equipped with four-cylinder engines. However, there is an internal combustion engine and a larger volume. The larger the amount of ICE, the more powerful and more fuel consumed. As a rule, automobile ICEs operate on a four-cycle cycle. It is made for four piston strokes or for two turns of the crank shaft. That is, the principle of operation of a four-stroke engine is in the following measures: intake, compression, expansion and release.

Inlet stroke: Through the intake open valve, the internal combustion engine cylinder is gradually filled with a combustible mixture until the further downward movement of the piston is possible. For the first measure, the crankshaft rotates half a turn.

Compression cycle: after the combustible mixture is mixed in a valve with gas residues and the intake valve is closed, it becomes combustible. The piston starts to move upward and presses the mixture working towards the cylinder head.

The working stroke: the heat energy is converted into a mechanical one. The pressure from the gases that expand is transferred to the piston. For this reason, it starts its downward movement. Both valves are closed. The pressure in the cylinder drops drastically, the piston moves downward, the crankshaft begins to rotate through the connecting rod. The third measure is the most important. All the rest are auxiliary.

Release cycle: the exhaust valve is open, the inlet valve is closed. The piston pushes out the remains of exhaust gases, which through the exhaust system of the exhausted gases escape into the atmosphere.

What are the types of internal combustion engines

At the moment, there are diesel, gasoline, gas-diesel, gas and rotary-piston ICE. Also, they can be divided by type of fuel consumed, by location and number of cylinders, and by the method of creating the working mixture. The design of the internal combustion engine in obsolete cars gives them a number of disadvantages: increased noise, increased overall dimensions and weight.