Than bacterial cells differ from plant cells: a comparative characteristic

Cells of organisms of different systematic units have a number of differences. They relate to the shape, size and availability of some structures. In this article we will tell you what bacteria cells differ from plant cells, and compare their structure.

What is a cell

The cell is called the smallest unit of the structure of organisms. This is the so-called "building material". The obligatory parts of each cell are the surface apparatus, cytoplasm and obligatory structures - organoids. Spare substances, the number of which is not constant, are called inclusions.

Structure of plant cells

A distinctive feature of plant cells is the presence of chloroplasts. These are plastids of green color, on the inner surface of which the process of photosynthesis is carried out. This structure determines the autotrophic way of feeding these organisms. Cells of bacteria differ from plant cells by the presence of other organoids. Thus, the presence of vacuoles is characteristic of the latter. This cavity, filled with an aqueous solution of minerals.

The size of plant cells varies considerably. For example, green alga chlamydomonad can reach 1 mm, and the length of bast fiber flax - 5 mm. The average value for plants is from 15 to 60 microns. Most of them can be considered only in a light microscope.

In form, the cells of bacteria differ from plant cells: they do not have a particular variety. In parenchymal, the length is almost equal to or slightly larger than the width. They form the basic, mechanical and conductive tissue. Proximal cells are elongated in length, and their tips are pointed. They are part of the wood.

Bacteria: features of the organization

Cells of bacteria differ from plant cells in much smaller sizes. The smallest of them are on the border of visibility in a light microscope. Their size is only 2 μm.

But the form of bacterial cells is very diverse. Kokki have the form of a ball, bacillus - rods, staphylococci - bunches of grapes, vibrios - a comma. Most bacteria are capable of active movement. This is done with the help of flagella, mucus or gas vacuoles.

The body of bacteria is represented by a single cell. On the one hand, this structure is distinguished by a fairly simple structure and physiology. On the other hand, it fulfills the functions of the whole organism. A microscopic bacterial cell is capable of feeding, multiplying, moving, breathing, growing. Of course, all these processes occur at a primitive level. But this can not be called a flaw.

On the contrary, unpretentiousness of bacteria has made them the creatures with the highest level of adaptation. They are found in boiling springs, in ice water, soil, inside and outside of other organisms, air and outer space.

Surface Apparatus

The similarity in the structure of the surface apparatus in bacteria and plants is the presence of a membrane formed by a complex complex of proteins and lipids. This structure performs transport, mechanical and barrier functions. Both organisms have a cell wall in the surface device. But its chemical composition is significantly different. In plants it consists of cellulose, and in animals - pectin and murein. All of them are complex carbohydrates.

Bacterial cells have another structure of the surface apparatus - a mucous capsule, which contains a reserve of organic substances of the cell. It is an additional protection against mechanical damage and loss of moisture. Another function of this structure is the creation of a barrier for the onset of phagocytosis - intracellular digestion of solid particles.

Than bacterial cells differ from plant cells: response

There is another fundamental difference. Cells of bacteria differ from plant cells by lack of ... The answer will be unexpected: structures for storing genetic information. But this means that bacteria do not transmit hereditary signs and their subsequent generations of cells are not like them.

In fact, this is not at all the case. Cells of bacteria differ from plant cells only by the organization of genetic material. They do not contain a decorated kernel. DNA molecules have a ring structure and are localized directly in the cytoplasm. Such cells are called prokaryotic. Plants have a nucleus in which hereditary information is stored and RNA molecules are synthesized.

Cells and tissues

Cells of bacteria differ from plant cells by the lack of specialization. Each of them works separately, functioning as a separate organism. It also occurs in unicellular plants. For example, green algae chlorella and chlamydomonades. The higher plants form tissues. These groups of cells are similar in structure and functions. Thus, in the integumentary they are shallow and closely adjacent to each other, creating a kind of barrier. And the structure of the main tissue, which forms the basis of the plant organism, includes large, loosely located.

So, in this article we have examined what bacteria cells differ from plant cells. The main features are the features of the surface apparatus and the structure of the genetic material.