Supply and exhaust units with heat recovery. Ventilation systems

The microclimate in modern living quarters often leaves much to be desired. Since most apartments and country houses have plastic sealed windows, the air in the room stagnates and is saturated with carbon dioxide. In order for this not to happen, it is worth assembling in your home ventilation system. There are several varieties of such structures. However, the most effective is the intake and exhaust ventilation. On the merits and demerits, as well as the design features of such systems, and we will talk further.

Types of ventilation

All such designs are divided into three main varieties:

• Exhausting. This is the simplest type of system, well known to all owners of city apartments. The devices supplying air in such structures are not provided. It comes from the cracks in the windows and doors, and is taken in a natural way on the riser. Sometimes in the kitchen an additional household exhaust system is installed. The price of this type of equipment is the smallest (3-5 thousand rubles).
• Supply air. This type of ventilation operates on the inverse principle. That is, the room is equipped with special equipment that pumps fresh air from the street. Such systems can be either monoblock or channel.
• Supply and exhaust. This is the most complex and most effective type of ventilation systems. Usually private houses use modern supply and exhaust systems with heat recovery.

Next, and consider how the last version of the systems actually functions.

Design Features

When using this method of ventilation in the room, two installations are mounted, one of which supplies air, and the second separates it. In addition to this equipment, a submarine and diversion channel system is assembled in the room, which improves the microclimate in all rooms of the apartment or house. Convenience of supply and exhaust ventilation is also in the fact that in its construction it is possible to build absolutely any additional equipment. This can be, for example, air humidifiers, atmospheric pressure regulators, air conditioners, etc. Almost always the supply and exhaust system is supplemented by a recuperator. This is a very useful device, and therefore we will further understand what it is, in more detail.

Recuperator

This equipment is designed to take heat from the polluted warm air from the rooms and return it to the cold coming from the street. The recuperator consists of:

• Several plates made of paper or aluminum. Heat exchange occurs when air passes between them.
• Low-power heater. This device heats the incoming air in addition.
• Bypass. This node ensures the uninterrupted operation of the recuperator. Room air, passing between the plates, cools, resulting in the latter is condensate. In cold weather, this water freezes. The recuperator as a result of icing and ceases to function. The bypass is designed to let fresh air through the plates from time to time. In this case, he enters the premises, practically without heating. Room warm air, passing through the plate recuperator, quickly thaws them. The water flows into a special receiver.

Not so long ago, specialists of companies that manufactured ventilation systems, found a way to prevent the freezing of the recuperator without the use of bypass, and therefore heat loss. In such aggregates, the plates are made of hygroscopic cellulose. The moisture from the exhaust air does not settle on them, but is absorbed. Then it passes through microscopic pores, seeps to the other side of the plates. As a result, the air entering the room from the street is moistened. Thus, this design avoids loss of heat and at the same time prevents over-drying of air in the rooms of the apartment or house. Supply and exhaust units with heat recovery at the moment are most popular.

Principle of operation

Such systems function as follows:

• A powerful air intake system sucks air from the street and feeds it through a short duct to the recuperator. Here it is heated and enters the canals that distribute it to all the rooms of the house.
• In addition, the exhaust ventilation system is installed. The exhaust air is removed, beforehand also passing through the recuperator. The latter can be installed in the attic or in the basement.

In the event that the street is too cold, the heater is switched on. Without it, the air inside the recuperator is heated up to about 14 g in winter. With an efficient heating system, this is usually enough. When the heater is switched on, preheating can occur up to about 22 g. In very frosty days, this may not be superfluous. Thus, supply and exhaust units with heat recovery, among other things, provide additional comfort in the house during the winter period.

Air ducts

The mains of the supply and exhaust system are mounted inside the floors and behind the walls. Most often modern systems use flexible corrugated round insulated air ducts. To each room are usually drawn two branches - supply and exhaust. The first comes near the floor, the second is located at the ceiling.

Features of drafting

When developing the installation scheme for such equipment, such as supply and exhaust units with heat recovery, the standards SNiP and GOST must be taken into account. Their compliance ensures the maximum effective operation of the system and the safety of its operation.

Since the design of the extract and input ventilation is a technologically very complicated procedure, it is usually commissioned by specialists. It is very difficult to make a circuit on its own. Only properly assembled ventilation systems operate reliably. GOST 12.4.021-75, for example, allows only the commissioned start-up activities and all necessary passports to operate. For a private home, perhaps this standard does not play a decisive role, but with improper installation, the owners of the house will necessarily have any problems (up to the appearance of the smell of the toilet, for example, in the bedroom or in the kitchen).

Installation

Actually, the assembly of the system itself is not anything complicated. Often the owners of houses on the ordered project mount such a structure, as a supply and exhaust installation, and air ducts independently. The latter are attached to the structural elements through special clamps. Branches that approach the rooms are connected to the main line by means of fittings and tees. The recuperator is installed on a flat horizontal surface in a separate room. Mounting of the supply and discharge ducts to it is carried out according to the instructions provided by the manufacturer.