Spiral staircase: dimensions, design, installation, materials

Those people who own a house with several floors, faced with the question of which staircase to choose to harmoniously fit it into the interior. As an optimal design is a spiral staircase, the dimensions of which will be mentioned below. You should be prepared for the fact that such a design is quite difficult to establish, when manufacturing individual elements, you may encounter some difficulties. Among other things, the master must have certain skills and knowledge. The main feature of such products is vibration, getting rid of it completely will not be possible. In the process of operation under the influence of vibration, some fasteners can loosen, and also cause the destruction of the walls. But for the problems described, there are solutions that minimize the shortcomings of the screw structure.

Design Features

If you are interested in spiral staircases for the home, then at the initial stage you should pick up a place. Sometimes these structures are installed outside or inside unheated rooms. These variants can cause injury, as the metal freezes at low temperatures and becomes slippery. In summer, such a structure is heated, and it is almost impossible to move around it. The next step is to create a drawing, taking into account the depth of the steps, as well as their width and step height. It is also important to choose the right materials.

In addition to steel will need decorative elements. The most economical option will be a steel plate, the thickness of which is 4 millimeters. With the angle grinder you can cut individual parts. The design is recommended to make a hollow, then the plane of the steps can be filled with wood. This will reduce the overall weight of the product. In addition, as practice shows, wood is comfortable enough to walk barefoot.

Preparation of tools

Screw stairs for the house are made with a certain set of tools, among them - a Bulgarian, a punch or drill, a set of spanners, and a building level. If you decide to use steel in work, you will need a welding machine. Depending on the type of floors and walls, you need to purchase anchors or a set of dowels. Not to be avoided in the process of installing this product and without a tape measure.

Dimensions of stairs

The manufacture of spiral staircases must be made only after careful calculation of the dimensions. When determining the height of the structure, it must be taken into account that there are two values, namely the distance from floor to floor, and also the distance from the floor surface to the opening. The support post should be fixed from above and from below, otherwise the structure will have only 50 percent strength.

The described type of ladder has a circle shape, it is important to take into account the diameter of the opening. For a minimum of 50 centimeters of the width of the passage, the diameter should be 105 centimeters. It is also important to take into account the diameter of the support column. If you plan to put furniture on the second floor, then the opening diameter should be equal to 305 centimeters or more. When screw spiral staircases are made from wood, the same dimensions can be used.

For example, the width of the step at the point of contact is 10 centimeters, otherwise the ascent can easily stumble and fall. The more the step height is, the more comfortable it is to use the ladder. This parameter can be calculated by dividing the distance from the floor to the opening to one of the numbers that starts from 5. The step between these values is 0.5. The main thing is to come to the whole value.

Example of calculating step height

A spiral staircase, the drawing of which you will be able to compose on your own, should be manufactured taking into account a certain step height. It is important to determine the distance from the floor to the opening. If the figure is 312 centimeters, then it can be divided into 5, which will give 62.4; On 5,5 (56,7) or on 6, that will allow to receive 52. The last calculations determine the optimal number of steps, the height of each of which should be equal to 6 centimeters.

Preparation of stair details

The spiral staircase, the dimensions of which were mentioned above, can be made by yourself, and you need to follow a certain technology. And by drawing up a scheme, you can calculate the total area of the structure. For this, the following formula is used: the step width in the middle part is multiplied by its height, and by the number of steps. Proceeding from this, the master can purchase 4-millimeter sheets of metal. If the staircase leads to the basement or to the attic, then there will be enough 2 millimeters of thickness. For the reason that the steps have a wedge shape, you should be prepared for a large number of scraps. That's why you need to purchase an additional sheet.

When a spiral staircase is used, the dimensions of which will be individual in each case, the poles are made of metal scraps that are tied together. A longer lasting way is to create hollow steps. To do this, prepare strips with a width of 2 centimeters. Four of them will be lateral, the same amount will be needed on the end parts. The strips are welded into the corner, and after the step they are filled with wood or forging elements.

Alternative Material Variants

Spiral staircases in a private house are sometimes made of galvanized steel. This decision is resorted to by the master for the reason that sheet iron is corroded during operation. However, it is possible to work with galvanizing if you have special welding equipment.

Another solution is aluminum, which is easy to process. However, its cost is higher, but the design will be almost three times lighter. Aluminum extinguishes vibration and will not cause the destruction of the walls. In the assembly process, you should use the same technology that was outlined above, but for welding it is necessary to use argon aggregates.

Installation process

Screw staircases made of metal are installed in four stages, the first of them will be the installation of a pillar, then proceed to the steps and handrails. The final step will be decorative work. If the staircase is collected during the construction of the house, the lower edge of the support column can be concreted, and the upper one can be fixed to the ceiling with dowels. The depth of concreting should not be less than 40 centimeters.

If there is no possibility to produce concrete works, then it is best to use dowels. In some cases, sleeves are put on the base post, to which the steps are welded. They are made of a larger diameter pipe. In practice, this allows you to adjust the elevation angle, but adds extra weight to the design and causes the master to face difficulties in securing the elements.

Work on the steps

A spiral staircase, the dimensions of which must be calculated by you individually, provides for steps. Work on them should be conducted at the next stage. If it is possible to fix these elements not only on a basis, then the manipulations must begin with the installation of the latches. To do this, use square bars with a side of 5 centimeters. They are cut into separate pieces, equal to the greatest width of the step. Expose the elements on the level and fix the dowels to the wall. The step is welded to the support post, and the second edge of it lies on the retainer. Greater solidity can be achieved by welding steps together. For this purpose, strips of metal are used.

Manufacturing of concrete stairs

After you have learned, by what technology spiral staircases made of metal are made, you can get acquainted with the technique of erecting a concrete structure. To carry out the work will need a 20-mm waterproof plywood, which is sometimes replaced by a 3-cm edged board. Prepare a square bar with a side of 10 centimeters, which is necessary for supports and racks. When the formation of curved surfaces is required, a 9 mm plywood or edging board is used. In the formwork to be created there should be no gaps and cracks, so the connections should be made with phosphated screws. At the end are installed steel corners. After the solution has solidified, all elements are removed. In the formwork should be laid steel rods. The concrete is poured, the brand of which should not be stronger than B15. Begin work from the top step, gradually moving down.

It is worth considering that concrete spiral staircases have a lot of weight, so it's best to analyze before the beginning of work whether overlap and floor will be able to withstand such a load. Such products are often finished with wood or plywood, which will depend on financial possibilities. Concrete spiral staircases can serve the owners long enough.