Soporous condition: description, causes, duration

The usual clinical sopor is manifested in the depressed psychological state of the patient, the weak reaction of the pupils to light and the dullness of pain.

The soporous state can be transformed into a coma, which is an extreme degree of inhibition of all body functions. There is a complete shutdown at the reflex level. To prevent such a state, one should know what provokes the appearance of the sopor.

What is the difference between mating and coma

The main difference between sopor and coma is that the first condition is non-contact with the surrounding world, accompanied by a loss of consciousness. But from him a person can be withdrawn even for a short time. This can be achieved by vigorous shaking, tingling, loud voice. The coma is an unconscious state, which can be compared to a very deep sleep or anesthesia, the awakening from which is impossible. A person in a coma does not react even to pain.

The reason for the

The most common reasons for causing a sopor are:

• Complications caused by hemorrhage in the brain;
• Presence of benign or malignant neoplasms in the brain;
• Diseases that occur in chronic form;
• Toxic damage to the body;
• Viruses and infections;
• Thrombophlebitis;
• atherosclerosis;
• Overdose of drugs, especially tranquilizers;
• Wrong way of life;
• Violation of metabolic processes in the body;
• Hypertensive crisis in severe form;
• Head trauma;
• Expressed deviations of glucose in diabetes mellitus;
• Decreased thyroid function (hypothyroidism);
• Violation of metabolic processes in nephritis;
• Aneurysm rupture;
• Poisoning of the body with carbon monoxide, barbiturates, opioids;
• meningitis;
• Meningoencephalitis;
• Ischemia of the heart;
• Infection of blood (sepsis);
• Violation of electrolyte balance in the body;
• heatstroke.

Symptoms of the disease

If a healthy central nervous system constantly reacts to changing environmental conditions, then in the state of the spore, brain activity is in a retarded state. The organism seems to be in a prolonged sleep. A congenital condition can be transformed into a coma.

The brain can not make any decisions. Waking and sleeping can dramatically change each other.

Many people are interested in: "Does a dormant condition last?". Shutdown periods can last from a few seconds to months. It all depends on the reason that caused the process.

In comparison, the patient can feel some blurred vision, confusion of understanding everything that is happening around. He may show disorientation in space. The patient can confuse dates and titles, not remember the events that occurred yesterday, but at the same time clear pictures of the distant past come to his mind.

Reactions in humans can cause strong irritants. The sharp sound causes the opening of the eyelids, but the patient does not look for anything purposefully. The impact on the nail bed provokes withdrawal of the limb. A stab, patting the cheek can cause the patient to have a short reaction of a negative nature.

When examined, there is a decrease in muscle tone and depression of deep reflexes. Often found pyramidal syndrome, caused by the suppression of central neurons. The reaction of the pupils to light differs lethargic, the corneal and swallowing reflex is preserved.

In parallel with all these symptoms, neurologic signs of focal character may be manifested, indicating a local lesion of certain areas in the cerebral cortex.

If the co-morbid condition is triggered by a stroke or meningoencephalitis, then the stiff neck muscles and other meningic symptoms will be revealed. Uncontrollable muscle twitching can also occur.

In some cases, doctors face a hyperkinetic version of the sopor, in which a person speaks incoherently, takes offense, and makes purposeful movements. Establishment of productive contact with the patient is impossible. This state is similar to delirium, which refers to the category of qualitative disorders of consciousness.

A congenital condition after a stroke can be characterized by a high degree of excitement or complete indifference to everything around him.

Stroke in stroke

Stroke is a very dangerous disease that causes unpredictable complications. Sopor is one of them. Translated from Latin, the word "sopor" means "sleep", "numbness", "lethargy", "memory loss". In medicine, this condition is usually called a subcompartment, since it is a stepping stone to the development of coma and in many respects similar to this severe condition.

The soporosis state in stroke is expressed in dulling of all human reactions. The activity of consciousness is in an extremely depressed state.

Stroke is caused by pathological processes in the vessels, which provoke acute dysfunction of the brain. The duration of the effects of apoplexy is more than 24 hours. Stroke can lead to rapid death.

Sopor is not always, but often accompanies a stroke. It is noted in about one fifth of all brain necrosis. The manifestation of this condition can be observed not only in the acute period of the disease, but also in its rehabilitation. The process is directly dependent on the area and degree of brain damage.

Ignoring such a complication can not be under any circumstances, since most often it quickly goes into a coma.

Clinical picture of sopor in stroke

A soporosis state in stroke, whose prognosis depends on the prevalence of brain necrosis, is manifested in the drowsiness and weakness of the patient. Parallel to this, protective reactions to such irritants as pain sharp sound and light remain. The patient does not respond to the surrounding situation, can not answer questions, is unable to perform any task. Muscle tension in the limbs is reduced, blunted tendon reflexes, coordination of movements is lost.

Sopor with epilepsy

The stopper always accompanies the epileptic seizure. Epilepsy in medicine is called a state of increased convulsive readiness. In such patients, the appearance of seizures is provoked by a certain situation, in which healthy people do not react in this way. Many researchers believe that the disease is hereditary.

Usually an epileptic fit is preceded by a sharp change in the emotional background of the patient. 2-3 days before the attack a person becomes nervous, tense and anxious. Some patients are locked in themselves, others are showing to the surrounding aggression. Shortly before the attack there is an aura that is difficult to describe in words. It is characterized by a variety of tactile sensations: taste in the mouth, vague sounds and smells. It can be said that the aura marks an epileptic seizure.

In the cerebral cortex, a person has a foci of excitement. It covers more and more nerve cells. The end result is a seizure. Usually the duration of the phase is 30 seconds, less than one minute. The muscles of the patient are in great tension. The head tilts back. The patient screams and stops breathing.

The convulsive stage lasts up to 5 minutes. With her, all the muscles of the patient are involuntarily reduced. After the end of the attack, the muscles relax again. Consciousness of the patient is turned off. A soporosis state with epilepsy lasts 15-30 minutes. After exiting the sopor, the patient falls into a deep sleep.

Sopor in the dehydration of the body

Such a complication, as a sopor, can accompany dehydration of the body. In medicine, water deficiency is usually called excoxicosis. In this state, a small amount of electrolytes and water is observed, which is provoked by repeated persistent vomiting and severe stomach upset.

In addition, fluid loss can be caused by pathological processes in the kidneys and lungs. Usually, excoxicosis develops gradually within 2-3 days of the onset of a provoking disease.

Dehydration is characterized by patient fatigue, loss of appetite, refusal to drink. Liquid intake causes excessive vomiting. There is a decrease in muscle tone, the body temperature of the patient, as well as the pressure, drops sharply. Oliguria or anuria is noted.

A congenital condition from dehydration can go into a coma.

Prediction by comparison

What is the outcome of the course of the disease? A soporiferous condition, whose prognosis depends on a provocative cause, should undergo timely treatment. An important role is played by the degree of damage to the nervous tissue and the volume of therapy.

The earlier the measures were taken to correct the disorder, the higher the patient's chance to restore clear consciousness and regress symptoms of the underlying disease.

Diagnostics

Sopor caused by a stroke can lead to death. At the first not very pronounced manifestations of the complication, it is necessary to conduct a timely diagnosis.

Priority measures include:

• Measurement of blood pressure;
• Checking the pulse and respiration rate;
• Check the pupils' reaction to light and determine the degree of their mobility;
• The measurement of body temperature, with its high index can be judged on the presence of infection in the patient's blood;
• Examination of the skin on the presence of injuries, vascular lesions or allergic manifestations.

Required examinations

The examination, which must be carried out without fail, is electroencephalography. It gives medical professionals an idea of the degree of damage to brain cells.

In the case of confirmation of the presence of sopor, as a rule, hospitalization is indicated. In the hospital, the patient will be able to provide support for the functions necessary for life, and to conduct a more detailed diagnosis.

After electroencephalography, a spectral analysis of the blood is performed to determine the high index of sugar and other provokers of the pathological condition. If there is a suspicion of intoxication, a blood test is also done, urine is analyzed for the presence of narcotic substances in the body. In some cases, the neurologist prescribes lumbar puncture and magnetic resonance therapy of the brain.

Principles of treatment of sopor

A soporous state, the consequences of which can be very severe, is not an independent phenomenon. It indicates a violation of the brain. Therefore, the goal of treatment should be the elimination of the main factor. In this case, therapy should be started as soon as possible.

The trigger mechanism of the sopor often is ischemia and swelling of the brain tissue. Early treatment prevents the wedging of the brain into the natural openings of the skull and helps maintain the functionality of the neurons.

Especially vulnerable are the nerve cells in the penumbra (ischemic penumbra). This is the area that is adjacent to the affected hearth in the brain. Wrong treatment provokes an increase in symptoms due to the death of neurons in this area. In this case, the co-morbid state can go into coma, and neurologic disorders become more pronounced.

In the treatment of sopor, the main actions are aimed at combating the edema of the nervous tissue, maintaining full blood circulation in the brain. Also, the blood glucose level is corrected, the lack of microelements is being filled, the causes of cardiac, kidney and liver disruption are being eliminated.

When infection is indicated, the use of antibiotics, and in the presence of hemorrhages resort to stop bleeding.

In comparison, all drugs are injected into the body intravenously. The most effective drug is glucose 40% and thiamine, as well as the use of these funds with naloxone.

Further therapy of sopor depends on the degree of damage to the body and is prescribed by the doctor individually.