Rose is French. Garden roses - varieties, cultivation, care

At a time when the legendary poet Sappho in ancient Greece called the rose a queen of flowers, this plant was just as successfully cultivated in ancient China, India and Persia. From the petals of the rose they made oil, they decorated the banquet halls and marriage beds and sprinkled the way of high-ranking and regal persons. According to legend, the Count of Lancaster brought from France a red rose, which became the emblem of his kind at the beginning of the 16th century, but the notion of "rose French" appeared only in the 17th century, when a hybrid was called La France.

History of the French rose

The need for a large number of these flowers has caused the appearance in ancient times of numerous rose gardens, but over time the fashion for roses passed. Revived her wife Napoleon Josephine. Her rosary was supplemented by special agents looking for new varieties in European countries and not only.

In the flower garden of Josephine, which was founded in 1804, over 10 years of searching, more than 250 new varieties of roses appeared, the main collection of which was Rosa Gallica (French). In 1829 in the rosary, there were already more than 2500 varieties, and after the death of Josephine, he did not cease to replenish with new hybrids of these flowers.

When the breeders withdrew the flowering plants, the French rose became less popular and part of the collection was lost. But from the beginning of the 20th century, they returned to it, and a new stage of revival began.

Variety of roses Cardinal de Richelieu

Rose, named after the Cardinal of France Richelieu, was bred in 1840. Her dark purple terry petals in the final opening of the bud are similar to the color of the mantle of His Eminence. At the beginning of flowering, they are pale pink, and as they unfold, they acquire a pink-lilac color, which turns into violet. The maximum height of the bush is up to 140 cm, and the size of the buds is up to 8 cm.

The French rose Cardinal de Richelieu is a frost resistant variety that can withstand a temperature drop of -12 degrees. The stem is practically devoid of spines, leaves are saturated green. The bud consists of closely fitting petals, which are opened gradually, day after day, until the flower is completely shed. It has a sweet aroma and abundant flowering. It lasts for several weeks once a year.

This French rose does not tolerate heat and sunlight, so it is better to plant it where it will be in the shade during the midday heat. The shadow part of the garden is also not suitable for it, because there it will not be fully revealed.

French rose Charles de Mills

This sort of roses was bred in Denmark in 1790 and belongs to the bush species of the plant. Rose Charles de Mills is loved by growers for large and fragrant flowers. They can reach 15 cm in diameter and have a strong aroma.

This variety is easy to grow, it is unpretentious, almost not prone to black spotting, and also resistant to powdery mildew, frost-resistant and well-feels in the shade.

Flowering is abundant, prolonged, once a year. Buds are collected in inflorescences of 3-5 flowers. The bush has almost no spines and reaches one and a half meters in height, so it should be tied up so that the heavy rosannas do not break the stems.

Flowers "Charles de Mills" have a unique spiral structure with surprisingly symmetrically located petals. Buds in color vary from crimson to purple, often with shades of black or purple. Long time does not crumble, which gives them additional popularity among the fans of roses.

Preparing the soil for planting a French rose

Garden roses require some care and proper soil preparation. Do not plant new shrubs in place of old ones. This can be done only if you remove the soil layer by 50-70 cm, pour new, high-quality fertilize it and only then plant young shoots.

In the soil prepared for the rosary, it is necessary to introduce manure with mineral fertilizers - on 2 buckets of earth it is necessary to add:

• Reparted manure - 1 bucket;
• Peat - 1 bucket;
• For clay soil - a couple buckets of sand;
• For sandy soil - 2 buckets of clay soil;
• Bone meal - 2 cups;
• Superphosphate - a couple of handfuls.

All these components must be well mixed and filled with holes to make the French rose and quickly grow.

For adult plants, you can prepare a mixture of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in a ratio of 1: 2: 1. If you use organic fertilizer, then the best option will be dry manure or bird droppings, which need to be dried for several weeks, and then diluted in water in a proportion of 1: 4. The mixture is infused for a couple of days, after which it can be diluted in a ratio of 1 liter of solution to 1 liter of water.

Growing roses from seeds

Planting roses with cuttings is the most common type of reproduction of this plant. Amateur flower growers also know that it is possible to plant a rose from seeds. Cultivation begins either with the preparation of purchased seeds, or by cutting off seed boxes from an adult plant.

Stages of seed preparation:

• Seeds from the bag you just need to pour into the gauze pouch. If they are taken from the fruit of the rose, it should be carefully cut and extracted seeds, separating them from the pulp, and then shifted into a pouch.
• The container with seeds should be placed in a 3% solution of hydrogen peroxide for 20-30 minutes, which will protect them further from decay and molding.
• The next stage is stratification. To do this you need to waddle the cotton wheels in a solution of hydrogen peroxide, spread the seeds on them and cover with the same discs. After this, the inoculum is folded into a polyethylene bag and left in the refrigerator at a temperature of +4 ... +5 degrees.
• Every 3-4 days to check the condition of the seeds, and if mold appeared, they should be washed and begin the entire procedure again. After 1.5-2 months sprouts sprouts that can be transplanted into separate pots or peat tablets.
• To achieve a full-fledged growth of roses from seeds, growing seedlings is carried out at 10-hour illumination. For this, you can use fluorescent lights.

When the soil is warm enough in the spring, the shoots can be transplanted into the open ground.

Care of roses

The notion of caring for roses includes top dressing in the spring and summer, pruning after flowering, shelter for the winter and reproduction. Nothing complicated in the process of caring for these flowers.

Pruning involves the removal of old shoots in favor of young and strong. To do this, near the growth bud, you need to make a sharp cutter at a distance of half a centimeter with a slope from the kidney. Cut should be from the outside of the branch, making sure that the cut fabric is white, not brown. If after this manipulation several shoots start to grow from the kidney at once, the weak ones should be urgently removed.

This will help the plant to form new healthy branches and give a beautiful and abundant flowering.