Rogozhskoe cemetery. Rogozhskoe Old Believers Cemetery

The cemetery as if visualizes the history of Russian Orthodoxy, recalls the schism in the church and such a unique group of Christians as the Old Believers.

Early history

The Rogozhskoe cemetery was founded in the eighteenth century behind the Pokrovskaya Gate, on the lands that belonged to Andronovo Sloboda earlier. During the rampant epidemic in Moscow, the plague was banned in the city. In connection with this, new cemeteries were established. Including preserved Rogozhskoe, Vagankovskoe, Kalitnikovskoe.

At that time the cemetery, a photo of which became a sensation among art critics, was outside the city and was located in the Andronovaya Sloboda. Count Orlov ordered on behalf of the Empress to bury the dead outside the city, in order to avoid further spread of the plague.

At first, the common graves of the Old Believers appeared there. Catherine II allowed representatives of their community to even arrange a shelter and a place for beggars nearby. The Old Believers built chapels. They served those who were called "runaway priests." Only in 1822 it was forbidden to hire them.

Around the chapels, the first settlements of the community representatives began to appear. And at the end of the eighteenth century, they were able even to build the Cathedral of the Intercession. He became the most important center of all Old Believers in the Russian Empire. There were pilgrimages of parishioners for many years.

During the attempts of the French to take Moscow, the minister of the church hid all the property of the cathedral in the earth pit.

I returned gold and silver to the place only at the moment when the French left.

Since 1853, the Rogozhskoe cemetery has become the official center of the archbishopric of the Old Believers in Russia.

Problems in the Church

After the death of the spiritual mentor Yastrebov, the church split. Some of the Old Believers went over to monasteries together with Sapelkin Vladimir. At the same time, their parish was founded in one of two chapels. The main reason for the separation was that some Old Believers wanted to become merchants, but since 1855 they were strictly forbidden to do so.

In 1856 the authorities began to show active attention to the Rogozhsky cemetery. At the insistence of the Moscow Philaret, both chapels were sealed.

The weakening of attacks on the Old Believers

Only in 1905, already under Emperor Nicholas II, in honor of the great holiday of Easter, the shrines were again opened and began to operate. This was done by the ruler of the Russian Empire as a sign that the country is adopting a law on tolerance to other religions.

Over time, merchants began to build houses near the church. Some of them buried the Rogozhskoe cemetery. How to reach him, described below.

When the church was found valuable documents. The most important for the history of Russia is the "Rogozhsky Chronicler" - an inventory of the fifteenth century.

Gravestones in the cemetery in many places are masterpieces created by eminent sculptors. For example, the architect Shehtel made in honor of Morozov and his family a chapel.

With the commencement of the coming to power of the Soviets, the cemetery (the photo of which can be viewed further) ceased to be colorful and Old Believer.

And in a later period, interwar, there began to secretly bury those who were accused of disagreeing with the Soviet authorities. After the execution in the KGB, the bodies were taken and buried under cover of night. So forever sheltered Rogozhskoe cemetery Stern, Loktionov, Smushkevich and others. They were military commanders who were suspected of being a threat to power.

In addition to the common grave of the Old Believers, two more were built there - those who died during the Patriotic War and in the hospitals of the capital.

On the territory of this cemetery are:

• Cathedral of the Intercession, which retained the Old Believers' diocese.

• The belltower of the Resurrection.

• The church in honor of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker.

The prayer house, as well as the Orthodox Cathedral in honor of the Mother of God, is idle.

Who is buried in the land of a unique cemetery in Moscow. List

You can walk around this place like a museum. Since the eighteenth century, he was constantly watched and cared for by graves. The Old Believers valued it as the center of their religious culture.

Famous personalities who were hosted by the Rogozhskoe cemetery:

• Soldatenkov, better known as a generous philanthropist, publisher of books, founder of the gallery of arts.

• The Morozov family, including Timofei Savvich, and his son, and their descendant Academician Mikhail Akimovich.

• Owners of the Ryabushinsky textile factory.

• Archpriest of the Cathedral of the Intercession - Korolev.

• Merchants and patrons of art Shelaputins.

• The owner of the porcelain factory is Kuznetsov Matvey.

• Gita Balter is a vocal teacher, musicologist.

Rogozhskoe cemetery: how to reach

Getting there is very simple. There are two variants of the way to the Rogozhsky cemetery:

• Go to the Rogozhskaya outpost. After that, go not so long along the Vladimir highway, and then turn to the Old Believers street. Only now they changed the name. Now it's the Enthusiasts Highway, Voitovich Street. It moves slightly to the right of the road. In this case, visitors come simply from the most central gate.

• Take public transport to the Pokrovskaya Gate. From her to the cemetery have to go a little longer along the settlement. After this, a railway bridge will start from the Nizhny Novgorod road. Very close to him will be the gate of the cemetery.

Preferably go the first way, because it has less dirt and dust. But the second way is much quieter and calmer.

Basic rules for visiting

The churches that stand on the territory of the Moscow cemetery, whose photo is available in the article, belong to two different denominations. Old Believers' shrines will not be allowed to those who are not dressed in accordance with the rules. Hair from women can not get out from under the scarf, sleeves should be much lower than the elbow, wearing trousers is prohibited. Bags can not be worn on the shoulder.

Depending on whether there will be some ceremony in the building, those who belong to another faith may not go there.

Temples

The first temple that stands near the gate is a bell tower, created in the pre-revolutionary period. Rogozhskoe cemetery in Moscow is famous for this shrine, which was built in honor of the removal of seals from altars. It is a pillar. On the facade are depicted images from ancient legends - birds Gamayun, Sirin, Alkonost. Inside is a typical Old Russian style. In the chapel are stored icons of the fifteenth century.

Behind the bell tower there are two more temples. One of them, on the left, is Pokrovsky. Outside, it is sustained in a simple, subtle, classical style. It is of great interest to any researcher of antiquity.

On the right hand side there is a temple in the Rogozhsky cemetery in honor of the Nativity of Christ. It is built in a luxurious Baroque style.

Icons

Each of them can literally be called a museum on the history of icon painting in Russia. They store those icons, which they brought to their faithful parishioners - the Old Believers. There are even masterpieces from the fourteenth century.

Restoration of icons, if carried out, it is only according to the Old Believers' laws, without introducing innovations of the era.

In the Church of the Intercession, more church images were preserved for different historical periods.

They open them early in the morning, and they work until 11.50 or 12.00, when the last service takes place.

On holidays, as well as on Sunday there is no requiem. In this regard, the temples are closed earlier than usual, about eleven.

The very Old Believer ministry is very interesting with its ancient hymns, prayers.

If a large group of tourists arrives at the Rogozhskoe cemetery in Moscow, they can be allowed into the temple and tell in detail about its history, as well as about all the most interesting icons.

In the Cathedral of the Intercession there are also donations of Soldatenkov, who was a notable collector of antiquities.

After visiting the shrines you can go to the Rogozhskoe cemetery. How to reach him, we already know. Between the temples and the Old Believer Archbishop there lives. And there all the church ministers of this community gather for important events.

Behind the house was built a church in honor of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker. In it, the coreligionists serve and live. After passing three shrines, you can get to the graves in the cemetery.